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Topic:Disease
The study of diseases in horses encompasses a wide range of conditions affecting equine health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and genetic abnormalities. These diseases can impact various systems within the horse, such as respiratory, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal systems, and can lead to significant health challenges. Research in this area focuses on understanding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of equine diseases. Common diseases studied include equine influenza, equine herpesvirus, and laminitis. This page provides access to peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the etiology, clinical presentation, and management strategies of diseases in horses, contributing to the advancement of equine veterinary medicine.
Granulomatous enteritis in nine horses. Granulomatous enteritis was diagnosed in 9 horses between 1 and 11 years of age. The complaint in all cases was persistent weight loss. Four of the horses had chronic diarrhea. Two consistent diagnostic features were hypoalbuminemia and decreased phagocytic activity of mesothelial cells in the peritoneal fluid. In 2 cases the diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy of the rectal mucosa. Remaining cases were definitively diagnosed by exploratory laparotomy and biopsy or at necropsy.
Apparent propagation of the equine infectious anemia virus in a mosquito (Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say) ovarian cell line. A tissue culture of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say ovarian cells appeared to support the growth of equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus. Shetland ponies inoculated with 2nd, 7th, 9th, and 11th passages of mediums harvested from infected tissue culture had clinical signs of the disease and became EIA positive on 11, 19, 23, and 43 days after inoculation, respectively.
The incidence of epistaxis in racehorses in South Africa. In South Africa 2,41% of horses bleed in a race. If all raced until they were 7 years old probably another 2,12% would bleed. Many others bleed after the race or during exercise or at rest. The incidence of epistaxis is significantly greater in geldings than in females and uncastrated males (P less than 0,001). There is an age distribution of bleeding which is highest at 4 years and lowest at 2 years of age (P less than 0,001).
[On Setaria spp; (Nematoda, , Filarioidea, Setariidae) from the peritoneal cavity of equine spp.: two new sub-species, Setaria equina theilerae from wild Zebra of Africa, and Setaria equina dafaallai from horse and donkey of southern Sahara area (author’s transl)]. 1) Setaria equina (Abildgaard, 1789) is from the Horse and Donkey of Eurasia (and of America and the coastal stripe of North Africa). 2) Setaria equina theilerae n.sub.sp. is from the Zebra of Africa. 3) Setaria equina defaallai n.sub. sp. is from the Horse and the Donkey of southern Sahara area of the Ethiopean Region of Africa, from the Nile valley till to the western coast. 4) Crossing between S. equina and S. e. theilerae may be possible, as their host spp. does with the resultant bastard offspring experimentally.
The prevalence, relative abundance and site distribution of nematodes of the subfamily Cyathostominae in horses killed in Britain. A total of 21 species of Cyathostominae was found in the lumen of the large intestine of 86 mature horses of various ages and breeds killed in south-west England during 1972-1974. Cylicostephanus longibursatus, C. goldi, C. calicatus, Cyathostomum catinatum, C. coronatum and Cylicocyclus nassatus were found in over 80% of the horses, while 12 of the remaining species were detected in less than 30%. Quantitative studies on 55 horses showed the adult cyathostome burdens to rise to a sharp peak (average over 400,000/horse) in April-June and a lower one in November-December. Parallel fluctuations ...
Equine infectious anemia. Pyruvate kinase deficiency in the red cells of thoroughbred horses.
Summary:
The authors studied glycolytic and non-glycolytic erythrocytic enzyme activities in 8 thoroughbred horses with equine infectious anemia (EIA) and 16 normal controls. Biochemical lesions were indicated, the most outstanding being a deficiency of pyruvatekinase. Adenvlatekinase could be considered as a “salvage pathway” for the formation of ATP.
Zusammenfassung:
Infektiöse Anemie bei Pferden Mangel an Pirovatokinase in Erythrocyten der Englischen Vollblutpferde
Die Autoren untersuchten die Aktivität der glykolytischen und der nichtglykolytischen Enzyme der Erythrocyt...
Equine herpesviruses: type 3 as an abortigenic agent. The inoculation of equine herpesvirus type 3 (EHV3) strain 65/61 into the amniotic cavity of a mare 6-7 months pregnant resulted in abortion 11 days later. Following abortion typical lesions of coital exanthema were not observed in the genital tract of the mare, nor was EHV3 isolated from her. Serological evidence, however, indicated that the mare was infected with EHV3 following inoculation. Grossly the foetal disease was characterised by placentitis, focal ulcerative dermatitis, focal necrosis of the lungs and a striking diptheritic gastritis. Histological findings were interstitial pneumoni...
Active-site labelling of kallikreins by chloromethylketone derivatives. Ala-Phe-Lys-CH2-Cl is a chloromethylketone derivative which is able to promote the inhibition of several proteolytic enzymes. In this paper the inhibition of horse urinary and plasmatic kallikreins is described and this inhibition is compared to that produced in human plasma kallikrein. This compound was designed based upon the structure of bradykinin. This enzyme substrate system can provide a model for the study of the interactions between bradykinin and its receptor. The inhibition of the enzymes was achieved both for its esterase and kinin-releasing activities.
[Review of the incidence of antibodies to various serological groups of the species Leptospira interrogans in a number of farm animals in the Netherlands (author’s transl)]. Report on the results of serological studies on the species Leptospira interrogans in cattle (19,607), swine (6,348), dogs (182) and horses (88) from the Netherlands during the period from 1969 to 1974. Living cultures of the serotypes of pomona, icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, guidae (Tarassovi serological group), grippotyphosa and sejroe were used as antigen in the micro-agglutination test. The numerical findings showed that antibodies to serotypes of the species Leptospira interrogans were present in 7.67 per cent of the cattle, 22.21 per cent of the pigs, 36.81 per cent of the dogs and 92.0...
Dropsy of the fetal sacs in mares: induced and spontaneous abortion. Eight cases of severe dropsy of the fetal sacs have been observed in mares. All were in multiparous mares whose ages ranged from five to 20 years and who were 7 1/2 to 10 3/4 months pregnant. Abortion started spontaneously in four cases and had to be induced in the remaining four by manual dilation of the cervix, rupture of the tough allantochorion and the siphoning off of 120 to 220 litres of allantoic fluid. The amnion was normal. Dystocia, due to uterine inertia, occurred in all eight cases, one hydrocephalic fetus needing fetotomy. All fetuses were alive at delivery although four were tera...
Combined immunodeficiency with failure of colostral immunoglobulins transfer in foals. Foals with combined immunodeficiency (CID), a fatal genetic defect in the production of both B and T lymphocytes, are born without immunoglobulins and are unable to synthesise them. CID foals receiving immunoglobulins via the dam's colostrum may live up to four months of age. Those CID foals with failure of passive transfer (FPT) die at a much earlier age. The occurrence of CID is of value in studying passive transfer of immunoglobulins, as no confusion exists as to when passive transfer ends and active synthesis of immunoglobulins begins. A high correlation has been found between early foal d...
