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Topic:Equine Diseases
Equine diseases encompass a wide range of health conditions that can affect horses, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and genetic conditions. These diseases can impact the overall health, performance, and well-being of horses. Common equine diseases include equine influenza, equine herpesvirus, laminitis, and equine metabolic syndrome. Diagnosis and management of these diseases often require a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory testing, and appropriate treatment strategies. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment options for various equine diseases, providing valuable insights for veterinarians and researchers in the field.
Amino-acid sequence of equine renal metallothionein-1B. The amino-acid sequence of a metallothionein is reported. Metallothionein is a widely distributed, extremely cysteine-rich, low-molecular-weight protein containing large amounts of cadmium and/or zinc. Metallothionein-1B is one of the two prinicipal variants occurring in equine kidney cortex. The single-chain protein contains 61 amino acids and has the composition Cys20 Ser8Lys7Arg1Ala7Gly5Val3Asp2Asn1-Glu1Gln2Pro2Thr1Met1(Cd + Zn)7. Its amino-terminal residue is N-acetylmethionine. The sequence shows distinct clustering of the twenty cysteinyl residues into seven groups separated by stretches...
Insulin-, glucagon-, and somatostatin-immunoreactive endocrine cells in the equine pancreas. Equine pancreas was investigated with immunohistochemical methods to study the distribution of endocrine cells immunoreactive to anti-insulin, anti-glucagon, and anti-somatostatin. A-cells demonstrable by anti-glucagon are located in the center of Langerhans islets and frequently in the duct epithelium. Few A-cells are seen associated to acini. Anti-insulin reactive B-cells form a large zone around the center of the Langerhans islets in which some B-cells lie between exocrine cells and others, although few, are located in the duct epithelium. D-cells stained with anti-somatostatin serum form a...
Diagnosis and surgical treatment of cystlike lesions of the equine paranasal sinuses. Development of cysts in the equine paranasal sinuses is probably a congenital disease; however, signs may not appear for several years. In 4 cases, clinical signs were observed when fluid accumulation within the cysts resulted in nasal discharge or facial swelling, or when secondary infection occurred. Treatment required surgical removal of the lining membrane and other involved tissues. Postoperative care included lavage of the sinuses and systemic antibiotic therapy.
Equine infectious anemia virus: evidence favoring classification as a retravirus. Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) has a density of 1.154 g/cm3 in sucrose a high-molecular-weight RNA similar in size to Rauscher murine leukemia virus, and an internal virion reverse transcriptase that utilizes the synthetic RNA template poly(rA) but not the synthetic DNA template poly(dA), both with (dT)12 as primer. Although capable of utilizing manganese at low concentrations (approximately 0.1 mM), EIAV reverse transcriptase showed highest activity in the presence of 9 mM magnesium. The major protein of EIAV has a slightly lower molecular weight than the comparable protein of type C v...
Studies on the prevalence of ringworm among horses in racing and breeding stables. A survey of 568 horses in training and 2,535 horses on breeding farms has shown 32 percent of the horses in training to be clinically affected while only 1.1 percent of breeding horses were affected with pathogenic dermatophytes. The majority of lesions on racing horses were located on the girth areas. Trichophyton equinum var. autotrophicum, M. canis and M. equinum were found to be restricted to racing horses only. M. gypseum occurred in racing, riding and breeding horses.
Apparent propagation of the equine infectious anemia virus in a mosquito (Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say) ovarian cell line. A tissue culture of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say ovarian cells appeared to support the growth of equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus. Shetland ponies inoculated with 2nd, 7th, 9th, and 11th passages of mediums harvested from infected tissue culture had clinical signs of the disease and became EIA positive on 11, 19, 23, and 43 days after inoculation, respectively.
Leukoencephalomalacia: a mycotoxicosis of Equidae caused by Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon. When 2 horses were dosed with cultures of a Fusarium moniliforme isolate that had previously caused only hepatosis, 1 developed brain oedema and hepatosis, and the other only leukoencephalomalacia. A 3rd horse developed both leukoencephalomalacia and hepatosis after being dosed with another isolate obtained from maize which was associated with a natural outbreak of the nervous form of the disease. Since leukoencephalomalacia and hepatosis could be induced by the same culture material, it was concluded that both syndromes were manifestations of the same toxicosis. There was also some evidence t...
The incidence of epistaxis in racehorses in South Africa. In South Africa 2,41% of horses bleed in a race. If all raced until they were 7 years old probably another 2,12% would bleed. Many others bleed after the race or during exercise or at rest. The incidence of epistaxis is significantly greater in geldings than in females and uncastrated males (P less than 0,001). There is an age distribution of bleeding which is highest at 4 years and lowest at 2 years of age (P less than 0,001).
Pharmacology of procaine in the horse: a preliminary report. Rapid intravenous injection of 1 g of procaine hydrochloride in Thoroughbred mares produced variable signs of central nervous system excitation for as long as 4 minutes. Plasma concentrations of procaine were similarly variable and transient, decreasing with a half-life of approximately 25 minutes. In vitro, plasma from freshly collected equine blood hydrolyzed procaine with a half-life of approximately 7.5 minutes. This hydrolysis was apparently due to plasma esterases. Penicillin, when added free or complexed as procaine-penicillin, did not protect procaine against hydrolysis by these plasma...
[On Setaria spp; (Nematoda, , Filarioidea, Setariidae) from the peritoneal cavity of equine spp.: two new sub-species, Setaria equina theilerae from wild Zebra of Africa, and Setaria equina dafaallai from horse and donkey of southern Sahara area (author’s transl)]. 1) Setaria equina (Abildgaard, 1789) is from the Horse and Donkey of Eurasia (and of America and the coastal stripe of North Africa). 2) Setaria equina theilerae n.sub.sp. is from the Zebra of Africa. 3) Setaria equina defaallai n.sub. sp. is from the Horse and the Donkey of southern Sahara area of the Ethiopean Region of Africa, from the Nile valley till to the western coast. 4) Crossing between S. equina and S. e. theilerae may be possible, as their host spp. does with the resultant bastard offspring experimentally.
The prevalence, relative abundance and site distribution of nematodes of the subfamily Cyathostominae in horses killed in Britain. A total of 21 species of Cyathostominae was found in the lumen of the large intestine of 86 mature horses of various ages and breeds killed in south-west England during 1972-1974. Cylicostephanus longibursatus, C. goldi, C. calicatus, Cyathostomum catinatum, C. coronatum and Cylicocyclus nassatus were found in over 80% of the horses, while 12 of the remaining species were detected in less than 30%. Quantitative studies on 55 horses showed the adult cyathostome burdens to rise to a sharp peak (average over 400,000/horse) in April-June and a lower one in November-December. Parallel fluctuations ...
Utilization of proteins by the equine species. Protein digestion, nitrogen retention, plasma protein, plasma urea, and plasma-free amino acids were determined for ponies fed 3 different protein supplements. Substitution of casein, corn gluten meal, or corn gluten meal plus lysine for a portion of the cornstarch in a low-protein basal ration increased apparent digestion of protein. Substitution with either casein or corn gluten meal plus lysine produced a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in nitrogen retention, whereas the corn gluten meal substitution did not. Nitrogen retention, expressed as percentage of nitrogen absorbed, was incr...
