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Topic:Equine Health
Equine health encompasses the study and management of diseases, disorders, and overall well-being of horses. It involves understanding various physiological systems, preventive care, and treatment strategies to maintain optimal health in equine populations. Common areas of focus include nutrition, infectious diseases, orthopedic conditions, and reproductive health. Research in equine health aims to advance knowledge on diagnostic methods, therapeutic interventions, and management practices that improve horse welfare and performance. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse aspects of equine health, offering insights into current findings and advancements in the field.
The immune response of horses to tetanus toxoid. An intramuscular injection of 8-16 Lf tetanus toxoid in water-in-oil emulsion protected adult horses against tetanus for at least 128 weeks. A booster dose of 8 Lf toxoid in aqueous solution protected them for a further period of at least 3 1/2 years. Colostral immunity protected foals for at least 10 weeks. An intramuscular injection of 8 Lf toxoid in water-in-oil emulsion given to foals from immune dams when they were 10-18 weeks old did not elicit any antibody response. They did respond, however, to a booster injection of 8 Lf toxoid in aqueous solution given 12 weeks after the first dose. ...
Evaluation of an indirect fluorescent antibody test to diagnose Babesia equi infection in horses. An indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test for the diagnosis of Babesia equi infections was evaluated. Antigen prepared by conventional methods was of high quality in one instance and of lesser quality in a second when possible autofluorescence of the horse blood caused inconvenience in reading tests. Tests on 14 horses shown by parasitological means to be either infected (9) or uninfected (5) produced reactions at dilutions of 1/270 to 1/7290 for infected and at 1/10 to 1/90 for uninfected animals. The accuracy of the test was further demonstrated during investigations of 701 horses in 3 sta...
[13 Years of veterinary mycological routine diagnostics. Isolation of dermatophytes in the years 1965-1977]. Over a thirteen year period (1965 to 1977) a total of 4790 skin scrapings and hair samples of animals were examined mycologically. 887 strains of dermatophytes were isolated out of 885 of these samples (= 18,5%). Most frequently Trichophyton verrucosum was identified in samples from cattle, followed by Microsporum canis isolated from cats, dogs and zoo animals. T. mentagrophytes was mainly found on guinea pigs, chinchillas and dogs and T. equinum on horses. Although the total number of the samples examined within the last 8 years increased, the total of the dermatophytes isolated remained prop...
Some aspects of the epidemiology of equine babesiosis. The sex, coat colour, age, province and month of occurrence of every case of babesiosis was recorded in a horse population of 5856 in South Africa and Rhodesia. A total of 115 cases were recorded during the period 1973-01-01 to 1973-12-31. Chisquared tests were used to evaluate the significance of frequencies. Significant biases in the distribution of cases of babesiosis were found with regard to season (P < 0,05), sex (P < 0,001) and coat colour (P < 0.01).
Cell-mediated immunity in horses with sarcoid tumors against sarcoid cells in vitro. Cell-mediated immunity in horses with sarcoid tumor against sarcoid antigens was studied in vitro by means of mixed lymphocyte tumor cell culture assay and lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity of 52Cr-labeled target cells. When Mc-1 sarcoid cells were used as stimulatory cells for peripheral blood lymphocytes in the mixed lymphocyte tumor cell assay, a clear difference in the kinetics of the generated lymphocytic proliferative response could be detected between sarcoid and control horses. With sarcoid horses, their proliferative maximum was reached 3 days earlier than that of the control horses, a...
Dynamic changes of horse serum T-globulin immunization with snake venoms, tetanus and diphtheria toxoids. In course of immunizing horses with snake venoms, tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, a new serum component, T-globulin, was formed and migrated between the beta- and gamma-globulins. The T-globulin content was parallel with the antibody titre after the middle course of immunization. There were many components in snake antivenin and T-globulin was composed of most of those components. The components of diphtheria T-globulin were the same as those of crude antitoxin and tetanus T-globulin except one precipitin.
Sero-epidemiologic investigations on brucellosis in the states of Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) and Delhi (India). Sero-prevalence of brucellosis in man and animals was studied during the years 1976 and 1977. Samples were collected from Hospitals/slaughter houses/livestock farms located in Delhi and different districts of Uttar Pradesh (U.P.). The sera samples tested were from 1685 men, 1607 goats, 438 sheep, 244 pigs, 361 cattle, 551 buffalos, 50 dogs, 318 equine and 43 free living animals. The percentage of seropositivity, excluding doubtful ones, was recorded as: man 0.89, goat 5.53, sheep 3.42, pigs 15.98, cattle 6.37 buffalo 4.9 and equine 12.89. Additionally an evidence of agglutinins was also detect...
Repair of incisional hernias in the horse. Incisional abdominal hernias in three horses were repaired, using synthetic mesh with a fascial flap overlay. The repair of large ventral abdominal hernias of horses can be accomplished by using synthetic mesh that is sutured across the defect. This material can be placed subperitoneally, retroperitoneal but subfascial, retrofascial and subfascial, or retroperitoneal but subfascial with a fascial overlay. Advantages of using this material are that it can be used for repair of large hernias, it is easy to apply, it is strong and flexible, and it is less likely to be rejected, when compared with...
The growth of the transverse sectional area (TSA) of M. semitendinosus in the dog and horse and its relation to athletic ability in the two species. The acceleration capacity of an animal determines its length of stride and hence influences its maximum running speed (GuNN, 1975 a). This is related to the potential force of its propulsive muscles relative to its live-weight. Intensive selection over the generations has produced the Greyhound and Thoroughbred horse, breeds renowned for their ability to run at greater speeds than other members of their species (CLARKE, 1965; WENTWORTH, 1957). This study describes the relationship of TSA of m. semitendinosus (represen-tative of the propulsive muscles of the hindlimb (GUNN, 1975 b) to live-weig...
Incidence of bluetongue virus precipitating antibodies in sera of some domestic animals in the Sudan. To determine the presence and prevalence of bluetongue (BT) infection in a variety of domestic animal species in different geographical regions of the Sudan, a serological study using the agar gel precipitation technique was initiated. A total of 2142 serum samples were examined. Of the numbers tested approximately 28% of sheep, 11.2% of goats, 8% of cattle and 4.9% of camels were positive for group-specific antibodies to BT virus antigen, indicating previous exposure to BT infection. None of the samples tested from horses or donkeys were positive. The findings suggest that the disease is wide...
Surgical repair of fractured capital femoral epiphysis in three foals. Fracture of the capital femoral epiphysis occurred in three foals. One fracture was repaired by means of pinning under radiographic control and the two other fractures were repaired by means of trochanteric osteotomy.
Anthelmintic efficiency of fenbendazole in equines. A single oral dose of fenbendazole (FBZ) at 10 mg/kg body mass was given to 5 donkeys. A further 5 donkeys were dosed with a medicated lick (1 mg FBZ/g lick) until the oral consumption was 10 mg/kg body mass. In both trials FBZ was highly effective against adults of the following genera: Cyathostomum, Cylicocyclus, Cylicostephanus, Cylicodontophorus, Poteriostomum, Cabellonema, Craterostomum and Triodontophorus; similarly high efficiency was obtained against the following species: Habronema majus, Habronema musca, Strongylus vulgaris and Oxyuris equi and worms identified as belonging to the su...
Mesodiverticular bands as a cause of small intestinal strangulation and volvulus in the horse. Volvulus of the jejunum and ileum in three horses was associated with intestinal strangulation in a mesenteric rent. The rent was in the jejunal mesentery at its point of attachment with an anomaly that was classified as a mesodiverticular band. The band also was attached to the dorsolateral surface of the jejunum, thus forming one side of a triangular hernial sac that was completed on the other side by the adjacent jejunal mesentery. Incarceration of a loop of small intestine in the hernial sac preceded rupture of the jejunal mesentery and subsequent intestinal strangulation. Surgical correct...
Treatment and prognosis for cunean tendon bursitis-tarsitis of Standardbred horses. During 1975 and 1976, 70 Standardbred horses with cunean bursitis-tarsitis were treated by cunean tenectomy or by more conservative approaches (rested, given corticosteroid injections in the cunean bursa and distal hock articulations, given an oral course of phenylbutazone, a combination of these) or were sold. In 1975, owners were urged to have cunean tenectomy done to horses that appeared to have potential to race well, and in 1976, the more conservative methods of management and treatment were recommended. Statistical analysis of racing performance data led to the conclusion that there was ...
Diagnosis, relative incidence, and probable cause of cunean tendon bursitis-tarsitis of Standardbred horses. A prospective study of the diagnostic results on 25 previously untreated, slightly lame Standardbred horses showed that manipulative tests are of some help in diagnosis. The lameness of each horse was diminished or the horse went lame on the opposite limb after being given an injection of anesthetic in the cunean bursa, and lameness improved more when local anesthetic was injected in the distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal articulations. In four horses, lesions of the distal articulation of the hock were evident on radiography.
Metabolism of progesterone by placentas from several mammalian species in vitro. 20-alpha-Hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (20-alpha-HSDH) activity and 20-alpha-dihydroprogesterone concentration (20-alpha-DHP) reach peak values in the human placenta after vaginal delivery. To determine if these findings are unique to the human, we measured 20-alpha-HSDH activity as well as endogenous progesterone (P) and 20-alpha-DHP concentration in the soluble supernatant fraction of placental tissues obtained from rodents (rat, rabbit, guinea pig), ungulates (horse, zebra, giraffe, cow), and primates (squirrel monkey, orangutan, man). P concentration was very low in rodents (mean 0.60 ng/m...
[The proportion of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in horses during graduated physical loading]. Changes in the concentration of lactate in the blood are described as a response to gradated physical strain, consisting of 1140 m of walk, 2 x 1000 m of trot, and 3 x x 5000 m of gallop in seven horses in thirteen experiments. The dependence of lactate concentration on speed in different track sections was examined and the aerobic and anaerobic stages of metabolism were clearly differentiated. It appears realistic on the basis of the onset and course of anaerobic metabolism to work out tests for evaluating the physical capacities and training abilities of horses.
Clinical evaluation of the equine colic patient. DELETE:
Most large animal practitioners successfully diagnose and treat the majority of uncomplicated cases of colic. However, a frustrating situation arises when one has to decide whether conservative or surgical therapy is indicated, or if euthanasia is advised. It is with this in mind that I have devised the following approach to the evaluation of the colic patient. I hope it will be helpful in categorizing the type of colic as well as in providing direction for a logical approach to therapy.
The clinical evaluation discussed below is an attempt to categorize—not diagnose—the type ...
