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Topic:Genetics
Genetics in horses encompasses the study of hereditary traits and the genetic makeup that influences various characteristics and health conditions in equine populations. This field involves the analysis of genes and their functions, inheritance patterns, and the impact of genetic variations on traits such as coat color, performance ability, and susceptibility to diseases. Research in equine genetics employs techniques such as genome mapping, sequencing, and genetic testing to identify specific genes and mutations associated with these traits. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the genetic basis of equine traits, the methodologies used in genetic research, and the implications for breeding, health management, and conservation of horse breeds.
An electrophoretic investigation of mammalian spermatid-specific nuclear proteins. Using standardized methods for protein extraction and analysis, the testes of rams, bulls, goats, boars, stallions, rats, cats, hedgehogs, European mink and ferrets were examined for basic spermatid nucleoproteins by electrophoresis. The results suggest that differences exist in the total number of these proteins as well as in the number and amount of the cross-linked cystein-containing proteins. These differences appear to be more family-specific than species-specific.
Stimulation by phytohaemagglutinin of peripheral blood lymphocytes from horse, pig, sheep and man. Optimal conditions for stimulation by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) were established for equine, porcine, ovine and human lymphocytes in MEMS medium. Optimal thymidine concentration was determined for assay of cell transformation. With all species tested horse serum gave highest thymidine incorporation. Homologous serum was not more appropriate for lymphocytes of man, pig and sheep. Optimal stimulation was achieved at 20, 0.5-5, 5, and 10-40 micrograms PHA per 10(6) cells for human, equine, porcine and ovine lymphocytes, respectively.
Isolation of a retrovirus from cultured equine sarcoid tumor cells. A virus with the morphologic and biochemical properties of the family Retroviridae has been isolated from cultured cells explanted from a malignant tumor induced by intradermal inoculation of equine sarcoid cells into a combined immunodeficient Arabian foal. By electron microscopy, intracytoplasmic, extracellular, and budding particles measuring 89 to 120 nm with electron-lucent cores were seen. Virus purified from the medium of cultured cells had a buoyant density of 1.15 g/cm3 in isopycnic sucrose-gradient centrifugation, incorporated radiolabeled uridine but not thymidine, and had constitut...
Live temperature-sensitive equine influenza virus vaccine: generation of the virus and efficacy in hamsters. Temperature-sensitive (ts) reassortants of an equine influenza virus, subtype A-1, were produced by mating a human influenza ts donor virus with an equine influenza A/Cornell/16/74 wild-type virus and by isolating a ts reassortant virus possessing the equine hemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface antigens. Two equine its reassortant clones, 8B1 and 71A1, were produced which had an in vitro shutoff temperature for plaque formation of 38 and 37 C, respectively. The human ts donor virus had ts mutation(s) on the polymerase 3 (P3) and nucleoprotein genes so that a ts equine reassortant virus coul...
Cytotaxin-induced cAMP peak in granulocytes: its relationship to crawling movements, chemokinesis and chemotaxis. The relationship between the short transient intracellular increase in cAMP levels on the one hand and chemotaxis or crawling movements on the other hand was investigated using human and equine granulocytes. C5ades arg, f-met-leu-phe, human serum albumin and immunoglobulin were used as stimulating agents. There was no strict correlation between the induction of crawling movements or of chemokinesis in general and the generation of the cAMP peak. But there was so far a strict parallelism between the occurrence of the chemotactic response and the cAMP peak. However, the magnitude of the peak was...
The conformational transition of horse heart porphyrin c. The heme iron of horse heart cytochrome c was selectively removed using anhydrous HF. The product, porphyrin c, exhibits the viscosity, far ultraviolet circular dichroic, and fluorescence properties characteristic for native cytochrome c. However, porphyrin c is more susceptible to denaturation by guanidine hydrochloride and by heat than is the parent cytochrome. All of the conformational parameters of porphyrin c exhibit a common reversible transition centered at 0.95 m guanidine hydrochloride at 23 degrees C and pH 7.0. Guanidine denatured porphyrin c refolds in two kinetic phases having tim...
Pancreatic colipase: crystallographic and biochemical aspects. A detailed study of the crystallization of hog and horse colipases has been undertaken. Several crystallographic varieties have been obtained and a 0.3-nm resolution structure determination is actually in progress. The sequence of the A form of horse colipase (one methionine) is given. From spectrophotometric experiments and sequence comparisons, the involvement of the aromatic residue in position 52 in the micelle binding site has been demonstrated.
Selenium status of thoroughbreds in the United Kingdom. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was measured in the erythrocytes of 600 Thoroughbred horses in training; the selenium concentrations in whole blood and serum was measured in over 80 of these Thoroughbreds. A quadratic relationship was demonstrated between erythrocyte GSH-Px and whole blood or serum selenium concentration. There was no significant difference in the activity of aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, or gamma-glutamyl transferase in the serum of Thoroughbreds with high erythrocyte GSH-Px activity (more than 25 u/ml) when compared with those with low erythroc...
Genetic markers in south african thoroughbred stallions. Genetically controlled markers are ideal for the identification of individual animals, and throughout the world laboratories have been established whose chief function is to provide a blood-typing service for animals including horses. In order to achieve the aim of improved recording of foals almost all South African sires at stud were tested and their blood type identification completed. The genetic markers included in this survey were 14 blood group factors, transferrin, plasma esterase, haemoglobin, carbonic anhydrase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase and phosphohexose i...
A linkage group composed of three coat color genes and three serum protein loci in horses. The equine coat color genes chestnut (e) and roan (Rn) have been tested for linkage to 15 protein and blood group loci. Data showing close or fairly close linkage to the serum albumin locus (Al) and loose linkage to the serum esterase locus (Es) for both e and Rn are presented. This means that three coat color genes (To, e and Rn) and three serum protein loci (Al, Gc, and Es) are linked in the same linkage group. The gene order can tentatively be written Al, Gc, Rn, To-e-Es. The implications of the results for studies on coat color inheritance in horses are discussed. The possibility of using ...
Isolation of an adenovirus antigenically distinct from equine adenovirus type 1 from diarrheic foal feces. Adenovirus was isolated in equine fetal kidney cell cultures from the feces of 2 foals with diarrhea that also had large numbers (greater than 10(6)/g) of rotavirus particles in their feces. Unlike equine adenovirus type 1 (EAdV1), the fecal EAdV did not hemagglutinate human O, rhesus macaque, or equine RBC. By serum neutralization, the fecal viruses were identical with each other, but showed no relationship to EAdV1. Antiserum prepared against the fecal viruses did not contain hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody to EAdV1. It is proposed that the fecal viruses be considered prototypic of EAdV...
Purification of horse eosinophil peroxidase. Eosinophil peroxidase (donor: hydrogen-peroxidase oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.7) was isolated in a highly purified form (415/280 nm ratio, 1.05) from horse peripheral blood eosinophil. Eosinophil peroxidase was extracted from intact eosinophils (98-100% purity) or isolated eosinophil granules with 0.05 M acetate buffer (pH 4.7)/0.18 M NaCl and purified by chromatography on Sephadex G-200 and carboxymethylcellulose. Final elution was with 0.05 M acetate buffer (pH 4.7)/ 1 M NaCl. Horse eosinophil peroxidase is a strongly basic protein with bacterial properties when combined with H2O2 and iodide, ...
[ECG similarities in the parents and offspring of thoroughbred horses]. The ECG characters were studied in two sires (Manrico and Infernal) and their 26-membered set of progeny as well as in one mare (Victoire) and her five daughters. The confer of some ECG characters from the sire's side as well as from the mare's side to the offspring was demonstrated. The consistency of some ECG characters was particularly obvious in externally dominant Manrico sire and his offspring as well as in the breeding mare and her five daughters (inclination of the electric cardiac axis, intrinsicoid deflexion lag, P wave shape, deep S in the 3rd connection).
Ileocolonic aganglionosis in white progeny of overo spotted horses. The congenital absence of myenteric ganglia in the terminal portion of the ileum, cecum, and entire colon of white foals with overo spotted parents was reported. Males as well as females were affected. The foals were generally normal at birth but did not defecate. Signs of colic were noticed between 5 and 24 hours after birth, with death occurring at 23 to 132 hours.
