"Horses" is a broad topic that encompasses various aspects of equine biology, behavior, and management. This category includes studies on the anatomy, physiology, and genetics of horses, as well as their behavior, nutrition, and care. Research in this area may also cover the historical and cultural significance of horses, their roles in agriculture, sport, and therapy, and the challenges associated with their conservation and welfare. The page aggregates peer-reviewed research articles and scholarly studies that explore the multifaceted relationships between humans and horses, examining both scientific and socio-economic perspectives.
Gorelkin L, Jahrling PB.Pancreatic tissue from hamsters inoculated with a virulent strain of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (VEE) was studied sequentially with fluorescent antibody, light and electron microscopic technics. Progressive viral growth and cellular necrosis in the pancreas were demonstrated. Pancreatic infection resulted from both viremia and direct extension from the spleen across contaminated serosal planes. Mature viruses traversed the endothelium within endothelial vesicles and were associated with acinar as well as islet cells.
Joncas JH, Gilker JC, Chagnon A.The relative value of heterophil agglutinins (HA) and of specific EBV antibodies in the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis (IM) was assessed in 108 cases of the disease and in 280 controls. Among the 108 cases 93 were HA-positive by sheep cells in at least one of their sera, while 15 were HA-negative by the same test. Among the 280 controls false-positive HA tests were not encountered except in eight cases with the horse cell microtitre tests. With one of the two slide tests at least two false-positive tests and 12 false-negative tests were also found but these sera had low titres in microt...
Stellmann C, Petermann HG.After vaccination of chickens, rabbits, foals and horses, HI and SN antibody dose response curves were compared for A/Equi 1/Prague and A/Equi 2/Paris strains.
The two curves are parallel for a given strain and the relationship of HI and SN titres is constant, whatever the animal species.
The distribution of HI and SN titres varies for the two strains.
This variation, which is independent of animal species, may be related to the number of sites necessary for the antigenic-antibody response in vitro.
It is suggested that the testing of equine influenza vaccine be carried out in the ...
Watson RE, Larson KA.Indirect immunofluorescence and lymphocyte cytotoxicity experiments demonstrated the presence of a tumor-specific antigen(s) on the surface of cells from an equine sarcoid cell line (Mc1). Autologous serum (taken from the horse from which the Mc1 cells were derived) and sera from three other sarcoid-bearing horses revealed a similar membrane immunofluorescence when reacted with Mc1 cells, indicating the existence of cross-reacting antibodies. Results of serum colony inhibition experiments indicate that these antibodies are not cytotoxic. Incubation of Mc1 cells with autologous lymphocytes resu...
Lowe JE, Baldwin BH, Foote RH, Hillman RB, Kallfelz FA.Surgical thyroidectomies (Thx) were per-formed in 6 yearling grade horse colts, (3 males, 3 females). Five control colts (3 males, 2 females) were included and comparative studies were carried out for 67 weeks. The comparative measurements included rectal temperature, heart rate, feed consumption, packed cell volume, serum cholesterol, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, serum TO height, heart girth, body weight, epiphyseal plate closure and tooth eruption times. A thyroprotein supplement was fed to the Thx males during weeks 46 to 53. The Thx animals failed to grow in height, were sensi-tive to ...
Wardle EN.Assessment of changes in activity of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), including the mesangial cells of the kidney, has been made by means of clearance studies of human aggregated gamma-globulin and of colloidal gold, during the course of horse serum sickness nephritis. RES blockade was found after protein loading and at the phase of circulating immune complexes. At other times RES activity was normal or increased. “Mesangial saturation” may have important implications for human nephritis.
Katzman SA, Spriet MP, Beck BR, Barrett MF, Hendrickson DA.A 6-year-old Quarter Horse gelding used for barrel racing was evaluated for acute onset of non-weight-bearing lameness of the left hind limb following strenuous exercise. Nuclear scintigraphic imaging revealed focal increased radiopharmaceutical uptake centrally within the left talus. Subsequent standard radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations of the tarsus failed to identify the cause of the increased radiopharmaceutical uptake; however, the lameness was definitively localized to the tarsocrural joint by intra-articular anesthesia. Subsequent MRI sequences of the left tarsus revealed a...
Schusser GF, Köller G, Recknagel S, Lindner A.The hay producing plants, concentrate, straw and meadows could be contaminated by the aerosols of glyphosate based herbicide during spraying process of crops and pre-harvest desiccation treatment of cereals. The aim of this study is to investigate the concentration of glyphosate in the duodenal fluid of horses with gastric ulcer syndrome. The stomach and duodenum of referred untreated horse patients (n=92) with colic, weight loss, diarrhoea, anemia or performance intolerance were endoscopically examined right after the admission. Duodenal fluid (40 ml) was collected from the duodenal region ...
Bowen JM, Gaboury C, Bousquet D.A case of uterine torsion is described and its correction under general anaesthesia by a method described by Schaffer for the cow. The degree of torsion was 180 degrees and in a clockwise direction. After correction the foal was found to be alive and in anterior presentation and ventral position; it was born normally 84 days later.
Bowling AT.Dead or deformed foals produced by purebred parents represent an economic and emotional loss to the horse breeder. In order to avoid producing such defective foals in the future, the breeder may seek guidance in determining whether their origin is environmental or genetic. Only a few genetic diseases of horses have been rigorously defined. Selected, rare genetic diseases that prevent reproduction, cause the natural death, or necessitate the humane destruction of a foal before it fulfills its intended purpose serve as examples for collecting evidence to define the genetics of other deleterious ...
White KL, Thomson DL, Wood TC.An indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the presence of H-Y antigen on equine blastocysts. A total of 33 blastocyst stage horse embryos were collected 6 to 7 days post-ovulation by trans-cervical flush and were immediately evaluated for the presence of H-Y antigen. Additionally, 17 embryos, were collected and cultured for 72 h to the expanded blastocyst stage and similarly evaluated. Embryos were placed in medium containing monoclonal antibodies to H-Y antigen followed by incubation in medium containing 1/10 (v/v) fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated goat anti-mouse IgM Fc spe...
Gracia-Calvo LA, Martín-Cuervo M, Jiménez J, Vieítez V, Argüelles D, Durán ME, Ezquerra J.To develop an experimental standing hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy (HALS) technique, report the associated peri-operative complications and document the short-term surgical outcomes. Results: Five healthy 300-470 kg horses that underwent standing HALS. Spleens of different weights (2.25-7.0 kg) were removed using this technique. The main complication during surgery was difficulty sectioning the gastrosplenic ligament. The postoperative complications included adhesions of the colon to the nephrosplenic ligament stump and incisional discharge in two horses. Conclusions: Standing HALS...
Wormstrand A.An immunological gel-diffusion test for the diagnosis of pregnancy in the mare is described. 56 blood samples from 50 different mares were tested. Control tests were made both by the Ashheim-Zondek method and by clinical examination. The accuracy of the immunological method was 96.4 %. No false positive reactions were observed. It is recommended to draw the blood sample at approximately 45 days or more after the last service. The immunological method is simple, cheap and accurate and is recommended as a routine test for the diagnosis of pregnancy in mares.
Kyles KW, McGorum BC, Fintl C, Hahn CN, Mauchline S, Mayhew IG.Electromyography was used as an aid to the diagnosis of equine motor neuron disease in a conscious horse while it was under caudal epidural anaesthesia. A muscle biopsy was taken to confirm the diagnosis which was then supported by a postmortem examination.
Vos JH, Deleu SA, Heling W, de Vries AR, Zeeuwen AA.The most relevant results of a written questionnaire among veterinarians in the Netherlands are presented and discussed. The inquiry was performed by MarketResponse Nederland BV. The objective was to get an overview of the current perception and the future view of the profession. The response was 37%. Most respondents (66%) were practitioners, 7% were active in research or teaching institutions, 5% were governmental employees, 5% were employed in industry, and 17% did not belong to any of these categories (retired, unemployed etc.). Forty-seven per cent of the veterinarians practised mainly sm...
Cohen ND, Carey VJ, Donahue JG, Seahorn JL, Brown SE, Riddle TW.To characterize the temporality of dates of breeding and abortion classified as mare reproductive loss syndrome (MRLS) among mares with abortions during early gestation. Methods: 2,314 mares confirmed pregnant at approximately 28 days after breeding from 36 farms in central Kentucky, including 515 mares that had early-term abortions. Methods: Farm veterinarians and managers were interviewed to obtain data for each mare that was known to be pregnant to determine pregnancy status, breeding date, last date known to be pregnant, and date of abortion. Results: Mares bred prior to April 1, 2001, app...
Daly AE, Deible CG, Lamb CE, Santacaterina SM, Marzolf NL, Page AE, Horohov DW, Wood PL, Werre SR, Chapman SE, Christmann U.To evaluate surfactant protein D (SP-D) concentrations in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from young healthy horses on pasture or housed in a typical barn. Methods: 20 young healthy horses. Methods: Horses were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups (pasture, n = 10; barn, 10), and serum and BALF samples were collected for SP-D determination at baseline (all horses on pasture) and 2 weeks and 4 weeks after the barn group of horses was relocated from the pasture to the barn. Other evaluations included physical and tracheoscopic examinations. Findings were compared within and between g...
Gethmann D.In the early twentieth century, counting and speaking horses, like the famous Clever Hans or the "Horses of Elberfeld," became widely debated subjects in experimental psychology. The idea was to determine whether their learning success was only a fraud, or if it might open up a new chapter in "animal psychology" - or even belong to the realm of parapsychology and telepathy. When their tricks were discovered, the teachers of the animals were marked as charlatans. Both the attempts to detect charlatans and the efforts to avoid this accusation during the talking horse experiments proceeded using ...
