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Topic:Proprioception
Proprioception in horses refers to the ability to sense the position, movement, and orientation of their body parts in space. This sensory feedback is integral to maintaining balance, coordination, and posture during various activities such as walking, running, and jumping. Proprioceptive input is gathered through receptors located in muscles, tendons, and joints, which send information to the central nervous system for processing. Understanding proprioception is important for assessing equine locomotion and rehabilitation following injury. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the mechanisms, assessment methods, and implications of proprioception in equine biomechanics and health.
Guidelines for Formulating Rehabilitation Strategies for Equine Tendon and Ligament Injuries. Rehabilitation for tendon/ligament injury requires a multimodal approach to reduce pain, restore range of motion, improve proprioception/neuromotor control, and improve strength/endurance. Multiple tools are available to accomplish these goals. The rehabilitation program must be tailored to the individual patient regardless of injury type in order to return the horse to full athletic activity and reduce the risk of reinjury.
Muscle Rehabilitation Techniques and Prevention of Injury. Rehabilitation following muscle injury is critical in restoring the equine athlete to full function. Rehabilitation protocols should be tailored to each patient's global functional assessment, taking into account sports-specific demands, goals for return-to-performance, and overall prognosis. Rehabilitation protocols are often designed to modulate pain, enhance repair, improve proprioception, increase flexibility, restore muscle strength, joint range-of-motion, and neuromotor control. This article will review mechanisms of muscle injury, various physical modalities commonly employed in the reh...
Adult spinal Dmrt3 neurons receive direct somatosensory inputs from ipsi- and contralateral primary afferents and from brainstem motor nuclei. In the spinal cord, sensory-motor circuits controlling motor activity are situated in the dorso-ventral interface. The neurons identified by the expression of the transcription factor Doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3 (Dmrt3) have previously been associated with the coordination of locomotion in horses (Equus caballus, Linnaeus, 1758), mice (Mus musculus, Linnaeus, 1758), and zebrafish (Danio rerio, F. Hamilton, 1822). Based on earlier studies, we hypothesized that, in mice, these neurons may be positioned to receive sensory and central inputs to relay processed commands to mo...
Muscle reaction function of individuals with intellectual disabilities may be improved through therapeutic use of a horse. Reaction time and muscle activation deficits might limit the individual's autonomy in activities of daily living and in participating in recreational activities. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of a 14-week hippotherapy exercise program on movement reaction time and muscle activation in adolescents with intellectual disability (ID). Nineteen adolescents with moderate ID were assigned either to an experimental group (n=10) or a control group (n=9). The experimental group attended a hippotherapy exercise program, consisting of two 30-min sessions per week for 14 weeks. Rea...
