Veterinary care in horses encompasses the medical and preventive measures taken to maintain and improve the health and well-being of equine patients. It includes a wide range of practices such as routine health examinations, vaccinations, dental care, parasite control, and management of injuries and diseases. Veterinary care also involves diagnostic procedures, surgical interventions, and therapeutic treatments tailored to the specific needs of horses. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of equine veterinary care, including advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and health management strategies to support the well-being and performance of horses.
Littlewood JD, Rose JF, Paterson S.A single blind controlled clinical trial of oral ivermectin paste at a dose rate of 0.1 mg/kg daily for seven days for the treatment of chorioptic mange in horses was carried out. There was a statistically significant reduction in the numbers of mites in the samples taken from the treated horses compared with the untreated horses, but the mites were not eliminated from all the treated animals. Two further groups of horses were treated, one at a dose rate of 0.1 mg/kg daily for 10 days and the other with two doses of 0.2 mg/kg given two weeks apart. There were no statistically significant diffe...
Vatistas NJ, Wright IM, Dyson SJ.Forty-eight horses with osteochondritic lesions of the femoropatellar joint were treated, 23 of them by an arthrotomy and 25 by arthroscopy. Follow-up information was obtained from either the owner or the referring veterinarian by telephone inquiry. There were no statistical differences between the groups of horses undergoing the two procedures with regard to age, sex, breed, the involvement of one or both limbs, the size of the lesion, and the duration of either the surgery or anaesthesia. However, the horses treated by an arthrotomy spent 14.5 days in hospital after the operation whereas tho...
van Essen GJ, Blom M, Fink Gremmels-Gehrmann J.To elaborate the diagnosis of rye-grass intoxication in a stallion demonstrating a neurotoxic syndrome characterized by ataxia and incoordination, a number of diagnostic tests were performed. Results of both, blood chemistry and haematology gave no indication for organ-specific or systemic lesions. Chemical analysis of the hay fed to the horse revealed the presence of the mycotoxin lolitrem B in concentrations consistent with those described in sheep and cattle with similar symptoms. Thus, it was concluded that the animals demonstrated the rye-grass-stagger(RGS)-syndrome.
Fischer AT, Vachon AM, Klein SR.Two mature stallions that were used for breeding purposes were admitted for evaluation of inguinal hernias. In 1 horse, the hernia was reduced per rectum by gentle traction applied to the intestine. In the other horse, the hernia was reduced by placing the horse in dorsal recumbency and applying external pressure over the scrotum. Both horses were observed for recurrence of the hernia. Seven days later, an elective laparoscopic technique for inguinal herniorrhaphy was performed on each horse, using polypropylene mesh. Complications did not develop, and both horses have successfully completed 2...
McDiarmid AM.A mature thoroughbred cross gelding with an acute onset forelimb lameness was found to have sustained a fracture to the distal phalanx. The fracture traversed the distal phalanx In a lateromedial direction dividing the phalanx into two halves, dorsally and palmarly and was classed a frontal fracture. The horse was treated conservatively and after 14 months rest it returned to work. Three years later the horse has remained sound.
Wiler R, Leber R, Moore BB, VanDyk LF, Perryman LE, Meek K.V(D)J rearrangement is the molecular mechanism by which an almost infinite array of specific immune receptors are generated. Defects in this process result in profound immunodeficiency as is the case in the C.B-17 SCID mouse or in RAG-1 (recombination-activating gene 1) or RAG-2 deficient mice. It has recently become clear that the V(D)J recombinase most likely consists of both lymphoid-specific factors and ubiquitously expressed components of the DNA double-strand break repair pathway. The deficit in SCID mice is in a factor that is required for both of these pathways. In this report, we show...
Doxey DL, Milne EM, Harter A.The outcome for 35 horses with chronic dysautonomia which were kept in the hospital at the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and subsequently returned to their owners is recorded. They constituted 42.7 per cent of the 82 chronic cases seen between 1991 and 1994; the other 47 horses were euthanased while in hospital. Of the 35 animals returned to their owners four died and 27 were available for follow up; of these 27, 12 were working competitively and six were being trained for future competitive work. It takes at least a year before it is clear whether a horse can compete successfully ...
Stockham SL.A serum biochemical profile is a group of chemical assays that are used to analyze biochemical constituents of serum. Interpretation of the results requires an understanding of what is actually measured by an assay and knowledge of the pathophysiologic conditions that occur in animals. Interpretative information is presented for the following serum analytes: urea, creatinine, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulins, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, bilirubin, cholesterol, triglyceride, sodium, potassium, chloride, total carbon dioxide content, aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogen...
van der Kolk JH, Grinwis GC.A three-year-old pregnant Dutch Warmblood mare was referred to the Department of Large Animal Medicine and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, because of weight loss for 1 month. The main clinical features were (beside weight loss) moderate ventral oedema, enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, and uniform thickening of the wall of the jejunum. Haematological evaluation revealed leukocytosis (15.9 G.l-1 with 18% lymphocytes and 1% eosinophils) and a decreased total serum protein and albumin concentration (35 g.l-1 and 36.3% albumin). At necropsy transmural eosinophilic enteritis was found in ...
Lassen ED, Swardson CJ.In diseased animals, laboratory evaluations of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and hemostasis provide important information that contributes to either narrowing the list of potential diagnoses or to determining a specific diagnosis. To adequately interpret the results of these evaluations, normal erythrocyte and leukocyte kinetics and normal hemostatic function must be understood. In addition, knowledge of common diseases resulting in abnormalities of these laboratory tests and of typical changes in these tests caused by these diseases is vital. This article has reviewed normal erythrocyte and leuko...
Schneider RK, Andrea R, Barnes HG.An open, contaminated, comminuted fracture of the radius of a 500-kg adult horse was diagnosed. Antibiotic-impregnated polymethyl methacrylate implants were placed into the fracture site to help eliminate infection from the limb. Later in the course of treatment, lag screws were placed across the fracture to generate compression and healing. The fracture healed, and the horse was released to its owners. The implants were not removed, and only a mild lameness existed 90 days later.
Crabill MR, Watkins JP, Schneider RK, Auer JA.To determine the technique used, and the outcome for, double-plate fixation of comminuted fractures of the second phalanx of horses. Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records. Methods: 10 horses with comminuted fractures of the second phalanx that were treated by use of double-plate fixation. Methods: Two 4- to 6-hole dynamic compression plates were abaxially placed to achieve arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint and fixation of the fracture of the second phalanx. Results: Arthrodesis and fracture healing were detected in all horses. Conclusions: Horses with comminuted fr...
Johnson PJ.Laboratory electrolyte and acid-base analyses are important for the characterization and assessment of the severity of disorders of fluid balance, and they enable the veterinarian to institute appropriate corrective therapeutic interventions. Abnormalities of electrolytes or acid-base rarely define the diagnosis, but certain diseases are characterized by predictable trends in these parameters. Important clinical situations in which assessment of electrolyte and acid-base status should be regarded as important to the equine practitioner include diarrhea, severe colic, peritonitis, pleuritis, dy...
Granstrom DE.This article reviews recent advances in laboratory diagnosis of equine parasitic diseases. Laboratory diagnosis of most equine parasitic diseases continues to rely on standard methods. Only laboratory diagnostic tests for EPM, cryptosporidiosis, and giardiasis were included. The criteria for testing and interpretation of results for each new diagnostic method were explained. Western blot and PCR testing for EPM and immunofluorescent staining with monoclonal antibodies for cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis were reviewed.
Barlough JE, Madigan JE, DeRock E, Dumler JS, Bakken JS.A Thoroughbred filly that developed clinical signs of equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis following inoculation with the human granulocytotropic ehrlichia was shown to be resistant to challenge with Ehrlichia equi, a closely related agent. This result further substantiates the close and potentially conspecific relationship between these two granulocytotropic ehrlichiae.
Mettenleiter EM.Diagnosis of diseases of the inner eye of horses is problematic, especially in cases where ophthalmoscopic examination is impaired or prevented by cloudiness of the optical apparatus. In addition, examination of retrobulbar affection normally only allows indirect conclusions on localization and extent of alteration. By the use of ultrasound on diseased horse eyes a detailed examination of the inner eye with retrobulbar structures is possible even in these cases. Here, we present several clinical pictures which are difficult or impossible to diagnose by ophthalmoscopical means. For example, son...
van den Berg MJ, Rijkenhuizen AB, Németh F, Gruys E.Chronic changes of several structures in around the fetlock tunnel can be a cause of the so-called fetlock tunnel syndrome (FTS) in the horse. Forty-nine annular ligaments (AL) from dead horses without a known history or clinical evidence of lameness and/or digital tendon sheath problems in these legs and 30 AL biopsies from horses suffering from FTS were studied macroscopically and microscopically. Macroscopically, the normal AL had a shiny white appearance, whereas the affected AL were often thicker and less white. Microscopically, the normal AL were about +/- 1 mm thick and were composed of...
Blikslager AT, Roberts MC.To assess the ability of clinicians to predict the site and type of lesion as well as outcome in horses with colic. Methods: Prospective case study. Methods: 139 horses admitted for evaluation of signs of colic. Methods: Six interns and residents examined horses with colic and predicted the segment of intestine that was affected, the type of lesion, and whether the horse would survive to discharge. Accuracy of prediction of site and type of lesion and survival prediction was compared between the first and second halves of the year, using chi 2 analysis and 95% confidence intervals on sensitivi...
Sojka JE, Levy M.This article outlines strategies on how to approach equine endocrine disorders based on clinical signs and clinical pathologic data. In the 1987 Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice article on evaluating equine endocrine function, Beech stated that the numbers of hormonal assays available to use in horses was limited. Unfortunately, not much has changed since then. With the advent of convenient assay kits for many hormones and cofactors available in human medicine, it is possible to submit samples to laboratories for measurement of a wide range of endogenous substances. Caution...
Swiderski CE, McClure JJ.The immune system is a complex interactive network. Defects in its function can be characterized broadly as being the result of actual deficiencies in the network or misdirection of normal immunologic functions. The assays that are available to detect deficiencies in the immunologic network barely scrape the surface of the possibilities. These assays primarily evaluate humoral immune function, but undetected defects in innate and cellular immunity are sure to exist. Although assays of humoral immunity have allowed the characterization of a number of immunodeficiency syndromes in horses, closer...
Baxi MK, Efstathiou S, Lawrence G, Whalley JM, Slater JD, Field HJ.Neural tissues from specific pathogen-free ponies that had been experimentally infected with equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) were analysed by in situ hybridization. Digoxigenin-labelled EHV-1 BamHI fragments spanning almost the entire EHV-1 genome were hybridized to RNA in tissue sections from latently infected trigeminal ganglia. The BamHI E fragment detected EHV-1 RNA antisense to gene 63 (HSV-1 homologue ICP0) in a small number of neurons. Sixteen other BamHI fragments gave negative results in 20 sections tested with each fragment. Latency associated transcripts (LATs) were localized to the ne...
Galey FD.In most competent veterinary diagnostic laboratories, analytical findings are interpreted by the veterinary toxicologist to determine the significance of the finding in view of historic, clinical, and pathologic findings. A veterinary toxicologist also will provide consultation about possible toxic rule-outs for a case, treatment of affected animals, and prevention of additional cases. Once all of the information is available, a complete summary of the findings can be provided to the client. When the procedures outlined are followed, including a systematic approach to collecting all the eviden...
Voermans M, van der Velden MA.A 2-year-old unilateral inguinal cryptorchid Frisian stallion was castrated by bilateral laparoscopic intra-abdominal spermatic cord transection. Because blood testosterone levels were still high on postoperative day 7, both testicles were removed using an open approach. Pathology revealed the presence of vital Leydig-cells in both testes. Failure of the laparoscopic castration in this horse was attributed to an alternate blood supply to the testes by vessels derived from the cremaster and/or external pudendal artery.
Brinsko SP.Many procedures performed as part of routine broodmare practice are based on sound clinical judgment and experience or scientific evidence; however, others are based on perceived problems and needs to address them. This article presents four procedures commonly used in broodmare practice, for which there is questionable evidence to substantiate their use.
Soma LR, Uboh CE, Rudy J, Fegely J.The effects of the intravenous (i.v.) administration of 1.1 mg/kg of flunixin meglumine on thromboxane B2 (TxB2) concentrations were studied in sedentary and 2-year-old horses in training. The baseline TxB2 serum concentrations generated during clotting were 2.89 +/- 0.81, 2.19 +/- 0.25 and 0.88 +/- 0.12 ng/ml for the 2-year-old Thoroughbreds in training, sedentary horses under 10 and over 10 years old, respectively. There was a significant difference in baseline TxB2 concentrations between older and younger horses (P less than 0.005). Significant reduction in TxB2 production from baseline wer...
Rawlings CA, Bisgard GE, Dufek JH, Buss DD, Will JA, Birnbaum ML, Chopra PS, Kahn DR.Prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (PEMO) was performed in 6 adult ponies with the membrane oxygenator in vein-to-artery bypass circuit. A flow rate equal to 46 per cent of control cardiac output was diverted through the PEMO circuit of 10 to 24 hours. Three of the 6 ponies were perfused for at least 20 hours and developed no complications. Immediately following initiation of PEMO, left ventricular output decreased; however, in the interval between 6 and 24 hours, left ventricular output was increased above control levels. Aortic pressure and left ventricular work were markedly elev...
Huskamp B, Scheidemann W.Ninety-six horses with chronic recurrent caecal impaction associated with hypertrophy of muscle layers in the caecal base or in the whole caecum were examined from 1990 to 1996. Enlargement of the caecocolic orifice was completed surgically in 58 horses. Of those horses having surgery, 50 were discharged from the hospital while 8 were subjected to euthanasia at the hospital due to complications. Twenty-seven of the 50 horses discharged were normal at follow-up while 23 died or were subjected to euthanasia due to acute or recurrent colic, recurrent impaction in the ascending or descending colon...
Jain NC, Vegad JL, Kono CS.Equine neutrophil antibody was raised in rabbits inoculated with equine neutrophils isolated to purity greater than 99.0%, using Percoll density-gradient sedimentation. Neutrophil antibody was detected by use of agar gel diffusion, leukoagglutination, indirect immunofluorescence, staphylococcal protein A and streptococcal protein G binding, and phagocytic inhibition techniques. Precipitin lines and leukoagglutination were seen in antiserum dilutions of 1:4 and 1:64, respectively. The specific nature of leukoagglutination was characterized by the formation of rosette-like clumps of neutrophils....
Adams R, Mayhew IG.The responses of apparently healthy newborn foals to neurologic testing differ significantly from those of adult horses. These responses and the diagnostic techniques pertinent to neurologic problems are reviewed as a basis for evaluation of the compromised neonatal foal. The more frequently encountered neurologic diseases are discussed in a problem-oriented format. These clinical problems include behavioral abnormalities, convulsions, changes in consciousness, blindness, ataxia without loss of strength, ataxia with weakness and paralysis, and the floppy foal.
Dini P, Weiland A, Boakari Y, Scoggin KE, Esteller-Vico A, Daels P, Ball BA.The goal of this study was to develop a safe, effective, and economical method for permanent sterilization of mares based upon tubo-ovarian ligation performed via colpotomy. In this study, we evaluated the application of a nylon cable tie (zip-tie) to the ovarian pedicle and oviduct of mares to induce ovarian ischemia and tubal ligation without removal of ovaries. Initially, efficiency of zip-ties on the ovarian pedicle was tested in vitro and in vivo. Based on the absence of leakage through the zip-tie ligated vessels in anatomic specimens, we confirmed the potential efficacy of the technique...
Céleste CJ, Szöke MO.Hoof injuries are common in horses. Some wounds can pose diagnostic and treatment challenges because of the rigid nature of horn,the tissue involved, the deeper underlying structures eventually invaded, or the pattern of healing. By combining knowledge about the anatomy and biomechanical properties of the foot and healing characteristics of the hoof with adapted general principles of wound management, satisfactory clinical outcomes usually result.
Krunajević T, Bergsten G.The clinical and pathological details of a case of ataxia in a 3-month-old colt are described. A marked protrusion into the vertebral canal of the body of the 3rd cervical vertebra was observed. C and C were immovably joined so that the deformity could not be corrected by extension of the spinal column at this point. There was a compression of the spinal cord corresponding to the protrusion. The cause of this luxation could not be established. It may be assumed that the distortion was congenital, or caused by trauma at an early stage and that clinical symptoms could be observed only when, a ma...
Vos NJ.Osteomyelitis of the mandible with Actinomyces species was diagnosed in a 4-year-old sports horse with radiographic changes suggestive of neoplasia. Surgical debridement, intravenous and local iodine solution treatment were administered. Mandibular Actinomyces infections are reported in humans and ruminants; they have not been previously reported in the horse. Actinomycose de la mandibule simulant une malignité chez un cheval. Une ostéomyélite de la mandibule à Actinomyces sp. a été diagnostiquée chez un cheval de sport âgé de 4 ans montrant des changements radiographiques ressemblant...
Whitlock RH, Dellers RW, Shively JN.A three-week-old Arabian filly was admitted to the Large Animal Hospital with a respiratory disorder and died despite symptomatic treatment. The necropsy lesions were suggestive of viral pneumonia. An equine adenovirus were isolated from nasal and pharyngeal swabs and from several tissues after death. Typical adenovirus virions were demonstrated by electron microscopy.
Ruffin DC, Schumacher J, Comer JS.A mare at 126 days of gestation was examined because of signs of abdominal pain. The cause of abdominal pain could not be determined by physical examination. Lack of response to analgesics and small intestinal distention on palpation per rectum prompted exploratory celiotomy. Small intestine was found to be entrapped by the uterus, which had undergone torsion. The uterus was returned to its correct position, and the small intestine was decompressed. After surgery, the mare was treated with orally administered progestin to prevent abortion. The mare recovered and delivered a live foal at 354 da...
Foster CV, Harris RC, Snow DH.1. L-carnitine was administered orally to thoroughbred horses for 58 days. 2. Acceptability and effects on plasma, muscle and urine concentration were studied. 3. Ten-60 g/day (as 2-3 doses) was acceptable with no deleterious effects. 4. One x 10 g L-carnitine significantly raised the plasma-free carnitine concentration (7 hr post) from 21.2 to 31.8 mumol/l; 2 x 30 g increased the mean to 36.5 mumol/l. 5. Plasma acetylcarnitine increased from approximately 1 to 5.5 mumol/l (7 hr post) on 2 x 30 g/day. 6. Muscle total carnitine was unchanged over 58 days. 7. Urinary output accounted for 3.5-7.5...
Lopes-Pereira CM, Harun M, Schmidtova D, Timane I, Mabasso M, Otto F, Bogin E.Adapting the concept of "bed-side" patient analysis, the Boehringer-Mannheim Reflotron was evaluated for its possible use in veterinary medicine under outdoor-field conditions. Horse blood was analysed with the Cobas Bio analyzer, and indoor and outdoor analyses were also performed with the Reflotron. All values showed close agreement with no significant differences. Good correlation coefficients (r values around 0.9000) were also seen between all methods used. The Reflotron was operated under outdoor-field conditions by using, whenever available, an on-farm electricity source, or a gas operat...
Jenei TM, García-López JM, Provost PJ, Kirker-Head CA.To determine prevalence, clinical findings, and long-term survival rate after surgery associated with incarceration of the small intestine through the gastrosplenic ligament (ISIGL) in horses. Methods: Retrospective case series. Methods: 14 horses with ISIGL. Methods: Medical records of horses with ISIGL examined between January 1994 and December 2006 were reviewed. Signalment, initial physical examination findings, results of abdominal fluid analysis, and clinical laboratory values were recorded, along with surgical findings, including segment of incarcerated intestine and surgical procedures...
Sweeney CR, Hall J, Fisher JR, Leary HJ, Soma LR, Spencer PA.The efficacy of water vapor-saturated air as a treatment for horses with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) was studied. Horses selected for study (n = 14) had grade 1 or greater hemorrhage in the trachea after a minimum of 4 breezes between 0.8 and 1 km, as determined by endoscopy. Nine horses were treated with water vapor-saturated air; 5 horses were not treated. When the mean and maximal EIPH scores from the pretreatment period were compared with the mean and maximal EIPH scores from the treatment period in both treated and nontreated groups, there was no significant difference be...
Foster RA, Gartley CJ, Newman S.Cervical and uterine varices with thrombosis were observed at the necropsy of a virgin 16-year-old Peruvian Paso that had previous episodes of hemorrhage from the uterus. Practitioners and pathologists should be alert to the possibility of ruptured varices in mares with hemorrhage into the uterus or from the vulva.
Knight HD, Costner GC.During the summer and fall of 1973, a few horses, goats, and cattle in the Napa Valley of California became intoxicated by bromide via the ingestion of volunteer oat hay that had been cut from a field treated with methyl bromide, a soil fumigant. The bromide content of the hay ranged from 6,00 to 8,400 ppm. Signs of intoxication were lethargy, weakness, and ataxia. Animals experimentally fed the contaminated hay developed signs of intoxication between the 7th and 9th days.
Franklin SH, Barakzai SZ, Couroucé-Malblanc A, Dixon P, Nankervis KJ, Perkins JD, Roberts CA, Vanerck-Westergren E, Allen KJ.During the past 20 years, treadmill exercise testing has played an important role in both the study of equine exercise physiology and the investigation of poor athletic performance. However, it has been suggested that some trainers and veterinarians may be reluctant to refer horses for treadmill exercise testing because of fears that horses may be at increased risk of musculoskeletal injury during treadmill exercise. Objective: To investigate the incidence and types of injuries sustained by horses undergoing treadmill exercise. Methods: Data were collated from 9 centres in the UK, France and B...
Parry BW, Gay CC, McCarthy MA.Eighteen horses were used to investigate the influence of head position on arterial blood pressure, measured indirectly at the coccygeal artery. Head height significantly altered systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure, such that head-lowering decreased and head-raising increased all variables.
Imai S, Ozeki K, Fujita J.The surface structure of the ciliary zone in 13 species of ciliates found in the large intestine of the horse was observed by scanning electron microscopy. In Holophryoides ovalis many fine depressions considered to be a result of phagocytosis or pinocytosis in the naked cytostome were noticed. In Blepharocorys spp. a distinct section was present between the portion with cilia and that without cilia. It was not present, however, in some species of the family Buetschliidae, such as Bundleia postciliata and Didesmis spp. The species of Entodiniomorphida had a lip around the ciliary zone with cil...
Munsterman AS, Gillen AM, Coleridge MOD, Hanson RR.To evaluate the effect of changes in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) on medial saphenous venous pressure (MSVP) and hemodynamics in normal horses. Methods: Experimental, in-vivo study. Methods: University Teaching Hospital. Methods: Convenience sample of 7 mixed breed horses; 5 geldings, and 2 mares. Methods: Pneumoperitoneum was induced in horses under standing sedation with carbon dioxide gas using a laparoscopic insufflator for a total of 60 minutes to simulate clinical elevation in IAP. Pressure was increased stepwise to 20 mm Hg over 30 minutes, and maintained at that pressure for 30 minu...
Matthews NS, Hartsfield SM, Sanders EA, Light GS, Walker MA.A 27-year-old horse was anesthetized 3 times a week for 4 weeks, to facilitate cobalt therapy of a squamous cell carcinoma in the left paranasal sinus. Limitations of facilities required transport of the anesthetized horse to and from the cobalt therapy room, therefore, injectable anesthesia was used. Initially, the horse was preanesthetized with xylazine (at 1.1 mg/kg IV) and butorphanol (0.04 mg/kg IV). After 3 anesthetic episodes, the xylazine dose was reduced to 0.4 mg/kg IV and the butorphanol was deleted from the regimen. Tiletamine-zolazepam (1.1 mg/kg IV) was used for induction and mai...
Haschek WM, King JM, Tennant BC.Of 2 horses with renal cell carcinoma, 1 had massive ascites but no other signs of urinary tract disease; the other had hematuria. In both horses, the tumors were palpable as large perirenal masses. The tumor mass of horse 1 almost completely replaced the left kidney, and there were tumor implants on the serosa of abdominal organs. The right kidney of horse 2 was compressed peripherally by the tumor, which completely filled the renal pelvis. The prevalence of renal cell carcinoma in horses and dogs necropsied at the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine between 1953 and 1976 was simila...
Schwarz B, Burford J, Knottenbelt D.This case report describes a 4-year-old-horse with two cutaneous masses on the right crest of the neck. Biopsy revealed chronic nodular pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis. Giemsa and periodic acid-Schiff stains showed focal spherical, yeast-like organisms. A diagnosis of cutaneous fungal granuloma was made. The size of the masses decreased after oral treatment with fluconazole for 10 days combined with potassium iodide for 30 days, and the remaining masses were excised by laser. Lesions did not recur at the site. Fungal granuloma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in ho...
Stick JA, Boles C.Three foals with chronic cough, bilateral nasal discharge, and pneumonia were found to have a subepiglottic cyst as the inciting cause. Consistent findings were dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia, in addition to the abnormal respiratory noise usually found in the adult horse with a subepiglottic cyst. Histologic examination of the cysts suggested their origin was traumatic rather than embryonic.
Roberts MC, Kelly WR.Granulomatous enteritis was diagnosed in a 4-year-old Standarbred mare suffering from chronic weight loss, depression, dependent oedema but not diarrhoea. There was hypoproteinaemia (hypoalbuminaemia), lymphocytopaenia and neglibible carbohydrate absorption from the small intestine. Pathological changes in almost the entire small intestine included proprial infiltration resulting in partial villous atrophy, and granuloma formation beneath the muscularis which was most severe in the ileum. Slight infiltration occurred in the stomach and the colon. The cells were predominantly lymphocytes and hi...
Tremaine H.The last decade has seen a number of studies that have illuminated our knowledge of hypsodont dental disease and re-examined some of the traditionally performed practices. In addition there has been a major interest in routine preventative dentistry and non-traumatic treatments. These have highlighted some potential risks of the use of modern tools when applied to traditional techniques. This has also led to a reflective review of equine dentistry with the emphasis on attempting to preserve and salvage dental and periodontal tissues, with minimal trauma. In addition, precise imaging and instru...
Ross MW, Martin BB.Seven Standardbred horses, all pacers, with a mean age of 2.9 years (range, 2 to 4 years), had dorsomedial articular fracture of the proximal aspect of the third metacarpal bone. Fracture caused acute, unilateral, severe lameness after training or racing. Lameness was abolished by midcarpal joint anesthesia in 4 horses. Six horses had a palpable bony swelling, which caused signs of pain. Radiography revealed a nondisplaced, articular, oblique fracture extending distad toward the dorsomedial cortex for a mean distance of 28 mm (range, 15 to 40 mm). In all horses, chronic periosteal proliferativ...
