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Topic:Veterinary Care
Veterinary care in horses encompasses the medical and preventive measures taken to maintain and improve the health and well-being of equine patients. It includes a wide range of practices such as routine health examinations, vaccinations, dental care, parasite control, and management of injuries and diseases. Veterinary care also involves diagnostic procedures, surgical interventions, and therapeutic treatments tailored to the specific needs of horses. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of equine veterinary care, including advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and health management strategies to support the well-being and performance of horses.
Haemostatic mechanisms of the newborn foal: reduced platelet responsiveness. Whole blood platelet counts, coagulation profiles and in vitro platelet function tests were monitored in newborn foals during the first week of life. Platelet counts, mean platelet volumes and thrombin-induced malondialdehyde production were not different from adult mares. Prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times were slightly, but not significantly, longer for neonatal blood samples than for mare samples. Platelet aggregation responses to serotonin, arachidonic acid or adrenaline did not change during the study. On the other hand, adenosine diphosphate-induced aggregation and collagen-ind...
Anatomy of the tarsal tendons of the equine tibialis cranialis and peroneus tertius muscles. Tendons of insertion of the equine tibialis cranialis muscle and peroneus tertius muscle (PT) were dissected grossly. Precise areas of tendon attachment and fiber arrangements within the tendons were described for the dorsal and medial tendons of the tibialis cranialis, and for the superficial lateral, deep lateral, dorsal, and medial tendons of the PT. Direct attachment of the dorsal and medial tendons of the PT into the periosteum of the central and 3rd tarsal bones and the 3rd metatarsal bone indicates that the PT may be involved in the pathogenesis of hock lamenesses.
Respiratory studies in foals from birth to seven days old. Respiratory measurements and blood-gas and acid-base values are reported in nine term induced foals. Measurements were performed at 2, 15, 30 and 60 mins, 4, 12, 24 and 48 h, and four and seven days after birth. Minute respiratory volume was significantly lower at birth than values from 12 h old. Tidal volume peaked at 60 mins old, while respiration rate decreased significantly at 15 mins after birth. Oxygen consumption was high at birth and decreased to its lowest values at 24 and 48 h. The respiratory exchange ratio and ventilatory equivalent showed few significant changes to seven days, as ...
Developments in management of the newborn foal in respiratory distress 2: Treatment. New developments in therapy for foals in respiratory distress are discussed. Therapy is based on preservation of the foal's life by maintenance of a patent airway, resuscitation with fluids and warmth, provision of humidified oxygen to raise the fractional concentration of inspired oxygen sufficient to avoid hypoxia and provision of ventilatory support when hypercapnia becomes critical. Ventilatory support described includes assisted and controlled ventilation, positive end expiratory pressure, continuous positive airway pressure and intermittent mandatory ventilation. The aims of these techni...
Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in exercising Thoroughbreds: preliminary results with pre-exercise medication. Thoroughbreds with a confirmed history of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) were treated pre-exercise with atropine sulfate, cromolyn, ipratropium or furosemide. Atropine prevented EIPH in 3 of 3 trials in 1 horse, while having no significant effect on bleeding status in the other 2 horses. Pre-exercise treatment with cromolyn had no significant effects in the 3 horses. Pre-exercise treatment of ipratropium was apparently responsible for preventing EIPH in 17 out of 18 trials in 2 horses. The pharmacologic properties of ipratropium in the horse have not been studied, but based on hu...
Studies on equine prematurity 1: Methodology. This paper describes the general management of mares and foals during the perinatal period and the methodology used in a collaborative research project on equine prematurity. Sixteen mares with dated pregnancies delivered 45 foals over three breeding seasons (1981 to 1983). In the majority, parturition was induced with oxytocin and/or fluprostenol; the remainder were allowed to foal spontaneously. Pre-colostral milk analysis provided a means of assessing the pre-foaling status of the mare. All were observed and monitored before, during and after parturition and the sampling protocol for both m...
Developments in management of the newborn foal in respiratory distress 1: Evaluation. Developments in evaluation of newborn foals with respiratory distress are discussed. Major causes of respiratory distress are outlined and discussed in terms of the similar respiratory signs exhibited by foals with this clinical syndrome. History, physical examination, clinical pathology, chest radiography and blood gas analyses are discussed as important elements of the evaluation of the condition of these foals. Foals with respiratory disease are grouped into three major categories on the basis of clinical signs and arterial blood gas profiles. The evaluation of foals with respiratory distre...
Ampicillin trihydrate in foals: serum concentrations and clearance after a single oral dose. Five foals from two to three days old were given a single oral dose of ampicillin trihydrate (20 mg/kg bodyweight [bwt]). Serum ampicillin concentrations were measured serially over a 24 h period. The study was repeated in the same foals at 16 to 21 days old. The mean peak serum ampicillin concentration at two to three days old was 5.0 micrograms/ml at 1 h after treatment; the mean peak serum concentration at 16 to 21 days old was 2.7 micrograms/ml at 2 h. The concentrations steadily declined and ampicillin was not detected in the serum from any of the foals by 24 h. Serum clearance averaged 1...
Skeletal abnormalities in young horses associated with zinc toxicity and hypocuprosis. Four young horses grazing pastures near industrial plants developed illthrift, lameness and skeletal abnormalities characterised by periarticular enlargement of the long bones. The clinical signs and lesions were attributed to hypocuprosis induced by an excessive intake of zinc from pasture. High pasture intakes of iron may have further compounded the problem.
Inhibitory substances in horse sera used in the preparation of microbiological culture media. The failure of N. gonorrhoeae to grow on isolation media was found to be due to inhibitory substances present in commercially available horse sera. Subsequent investigations indicated that the inhibitory action of the horse serum may have been due to antibodies to N. gonorrhoeae, H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae and beta hemolytic streptococci. This experience highlights the need for media quality control programmes in laboratories which prepare microbiological culture media.
Antimicrobial drug susceptibility of bacteria isolated from disease processes in cattle, horses, dogs and cats. Results are presented of antimicrobial disc diffusion susceptibility testing on commonly isolated bacterial pathogens made at the Ontario Veterinary College Diagnostic Bacteriology Laboratory in 1981 and 1982. Nearly 2 000 isolates from horses, cattle, dogs and cats were tested. Comparison of resistance in the same bacterial species isolated from different animal species showed significant differences between some of the same antibiotics.
Clinical and clinicopathological characteristics of the septicaemic neonatal foal: review of 38 cases. In an effort to identify improved methods for diagnosis of infection in the neonatal foal, clinical records from 38 septicaemic foals of less than one week of age were examined for trends in history, physical examination and clinicopathological findings. The survival rate of septicaemic foals, 26 per cent, was markedly less than the rate for all other foal admissions. Blood cultures were valuable in diagnosis and treatment of septicaemia and identified a preponderance of Gram-negative infection. Zinc sulphate turbidity test results were abnormally low in all septicaemic foals tested. The clini...
Neurological examination of newborn foals. Behaviour and response to neurological testing of apparently healthy newborn foals differed significantly from the adult in several ways. Foals responded to external stimulation with exaggerated movements although they tended to sink into a relaxed state when restrained. They had a more angular head position and assumed a base wide stance. The menace reflex developed during the first two weeks post partum. In general, the foals' gait was choppy or dysmetric. In lateral recumbency the foals had increased extensor tone, hyperreflexive tendon reflexes, crossed extensor reflexes as well as recumbe...
Experimental medication of equine ringworm due to Trichophyton equinum var. autotrophicum. Twelve medicaments were tested for their efficacy in the treatment of Trichophyton equinum var. autotrophicum; povidone iodine, thiabendazole ointment, captan ointment and Burroughs Wellcome Ringworm Ointment gave satisfactory results but their usefulness may be limited for treatment of large numbers of horses. Aqueous washes containing 0.5% hexetidine or 0.3% chloramine-T did not prevent fungi being isolated from lesions for up to 7 days after treatment. Similarly neither etisazole nor thiabendazole suspension prevented fungi from being isolated from lesions for up to 15 days after treatment....
