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Topic:Veterinary Medicine
Veterinary medicine for horses encompasses the study and application of medical practices to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases in equine species. This field involves a comprehensive understanding of equine anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Veterinary practitioners employ a range of diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions to address health issues in horses, including lameness, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory conditions, and infectious diseases. Preventative care, such as vaccination and deworming programs, is also a significant aspect of equine veterinary medicine. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of veterinary medicine as it pertains to horses, including advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and preventive health strategies.
[Structure and vascularization of the dental pulp in horse incisors]. The dental pulp of 34 horses aged between 4 months and 20 years has been studied on India ink injected and on paraffin embedded specimens. The pulp dimensions of the first and especially of the second dentition decrease with age. This reduction is accompanied by pronounced changes of structure; the mucous connective tissue becomes a dense, irregular connective tissue. The vessels are numerous and make a network particularly rich at the margins of the pulp; they diminish with advancing age. The reduction of the pulp volume and the regression of its vascular network are particularly pronounced a...
Diagnostic methods in infectious respiratory disease. For laboratory diagnosis of respiratory disease it is of overwhelming importance that the specimens taken are adequate, taken from the correct site and at the correct time. The lower regions of the respiratory tract are particularly difficult to sample but are more likely to yield the causative agent of a pneumonia. Infections involving the upper respiratory tract are much easier to sample and appropriate aspiration apparatus can be used. Consideration must be given to the timing of sample collection in relation to the life cycle of the causative micro-organism. Sampling of several animals is ...
Analysis of the genome of equine herpesvirus type 1: arrangement of cleavage sites for restriction endonucleases EcoRI, BglII and BamHI. The genome of an Australian isolate of equine herpesvirus type 1 (equine abortion virus) has been analysed using the restriction endonucleases EcoRI, BglII and BamHI, and a physical map constructed. Terminal fragments were identified by exonuclease treatments, and linkage of fragments was deduced by a combination of single- and double-digest experiments and cross-blot hybridizations. The genome has a mol. wt. of 100 x 10(6) and is comprised of a short unique region bounded by repetitive sequences, which is present in both orientations in approximately equal amounts in the DNA population, and a...
Gas/liquid chromatographic analysis of pemoline in biological fluids using electron capture detection. An analytical gas/liquid chromatographic (GLC) protocol is described for the quantitation of pemoline in biological fluids of the horse. Plasma samples containing known quantities of pemoline and its analog as an internal standard (IS) were deproteinized with 5-sulfosalicylic acid, heated at 80 degree C, and centrifuged. 5-Phenyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione, the hydrolytic product of pemoline in acid medium, was extracted with dichloromethane (DCM). The organic layer was in turn re-extracted with 1% NaHCO3. The aqueous layer was acidified with HCI, and re-extracted with DCM, which was evaporated to d...
Nasal aspergillosis in three horses. Three horses were referred for investigation of a unilateral foul smelling scanty nasal discharge, complicated in one case by intermittent epistaxis. Thick purulent material or a mycotic plaque was identified by an endoscopic examination of the middle meatus but in two horses this had to be repeated under general anaesthesia before the abnormalities were detected. Aspergillus fumigatus was cultured from all three cases and septate hyphae were identified on smears from lesions. Histological examination of the lesion in one case revealed a fungal mycelium. Topical treatment with natamycin soluti...
Collection and transfer of equine embryos. Embryos were recovered in 39 of 47 attempts (83%) during 1979 and in 75 of 104 attempts (72%) during 1980. The mean diameters of day 8 and 9 blastocysts were 1.00 and 2.13 mm, respectively. The injection of prostaglandin F2 alpha or prostalene on day 8 or 9 after ovulation resulted in a mean interval between embryo recovery attempts of 17.7 +/- 0.3 days. Number of embryos recovered within mares did not vary significantly with repeated attempts. Following surgical transfer, 8 of 15 recipients (53%) were pregnant at 50 days after ovulation, whereas only 4 of 15 recipients (27%) were pregnant at ...
Primary renal cell carcinoma in two horses. Of 2 horses with renal cell carcinoma, 1 had massive ascites but no other signs of urinary tract disease; the other had hematuria. In both horses, the tumors were palpable as large perirenal masses. The tumor mass of horse 1 almost completely replaced the left kidney, and there were tumor implants on the serosa of abdominal organs. The right kidney of horse 2 was compressed peripherally by the tumor, which completely filled the renal pelvis. The prevalence of renal cell carcinoma in horses and dogs necropsied at the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine between 1953 and 1976 was simila...
Restoration of reproductive capacity of stallions after suppression with exogenous testosterone. Twelve stallions that had been given 0, 50 or 200 micrograms testosterone propionate (TP)/kg body weight every other day for 88 days were examined for the effects of androgen withdrawal on spermatozoal production, seminal quality and libido. Although the lower dosage did not affect most of the traits studied, the higher dosage severely reduced scrotal width, spermatozoal production, the number of sperm per ejaculate, the percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa and the percentage of normal spermatozoa. These adverse effects were found to be largely reversible. By 90 days after the cessat...
Efficacy of ivermectin against cutaneous Draschia and Habronema infection (summer sores) in horses. Thirty-one horses with naturally occurring summer sores were given a single IM injection of 0.2 mg of ivermectin (22,23-dihydroavermectin B1)/kg during the summer of 1980. Larvae of Draschia and/or Habronema spp were recovered from biopsy samples taken from 21 of 25 horses (84%) on the day of anthelmintic treatment. There was a marked clinical improvement in 26 horses (84%) 7 days after ivermectin was given. The typical summer sore was replaced by healthy pink granulation tissue at 7 days and this healed after 1 to 5 weeks. Biopsy samples were taken from 21 of these horses 1 to 6 weeks after t...
Ultrastructural features of Allantosoma intestinalis, a Suctorian ciliate isolated from the large intestine of the horse. Allantosoma intestinalis, a suctorian ciliate isolated from the intestine of the horse, was studied utilizing light and electron optical methods. These small sausage-shaped organisms have a varying number of tentacles (between one and 14) located at each extremity of the body. The microtubular axoneme of each tentacle in cross-section consists of two files of microtubules arranged in a daisy-like configuration. Haptocysts occur in the tentacle shaft, abutted to the plasma membrane of the knob of the tentacle, and in the cell body. The haptocysts are bottle-shaped, with prominent annular striat...
The cause and prevention of sacroiliac arthrosis in the Standardbred horse: a theoretical study. Sacroiliac arthrosis is a major cause of "hiking" lameness (often, so-called "stifle lameness") in Standardbred horses. The cause of this arthrosis is found in the moment forces generated as horses negotiate unbanked and underbanked turns and in the forces generated on cambered racing surfaces. The prediction is that such lameness could be virtually eliminated if racetrack and training track turns were properly banked and camber held to a minimum.
Identification of cartilage wear fragments in synovial fluid from equine joints. Synovial fluids from 72 equine joints were examined for the presence of cartilage debris, and these findings were compared to findings from visual inspection of the articular cartilage surfaces at necropsy. Synovial fluids from 25 joints with visual cartilage damage contained one or more large particles of articular cartilage. Cartilage fragments were not found in synovial fluids from 42 of the 47 apparently normal joints; thus, a correlation may exist between cartilage debris in the synovial fluid and lesions of the articular surfaces.
