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Topic:Veterinary Procedure
Veterinary procedures in horses encompass a range of medical and surgical interventions performed to diagnose, treat, and manage equine health conditions. These procedures are designed to address various health issues, from routine care to emergency interventions. Common veterinary procedures include vaccinations, dental care, lameness evaluations, reproductive services, and surgical interventions such as colic surgery or fracture repair. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the methodologies, outcomes, and advancements in veterinary procedures for horses, providing insights into their application and efficacy in equine medicine.
Intraocular silicone prostheses in a dog and a horse with corneal lacerations. Intraocular silicone prostheses were implanted in the eyes of a horse and a dog with traumatic corneal lacerations and protrusion of intraocular contents. Several months after surgery, the horse and dog were tolerating the intraocular prostheses, and the appearance was cosmetically acceptable. This contradicts earlier reports that have cited corneal disease as a contraindication for implantation of intraocular silicone prostheses.
Pericarditis in horses: six cases (1982-1986). Records of 6 horses with pericarditis were reviewed. Septic pericarditis was suspected in all horses, based on historic and clinical findings. In horses 1, 2, and 4, cytologic examination of the pericardial effusion revealed acute inflammation with severe neutrophil degeneration. In horses 3 and 5, cytologic examination of pericardial fluid revealed subacute inflammation with degenerated neutrophils, and in horse 6, chronic active inflammation, with well preserved neutrophils. In horses 1 and 3, bacteria were identified on cytologic examination of pericardial fluid. Results of microbiologic cu...
Bilateral congenital cysts in the frontal sinuses of a horse. Congenital frontal sinus cysts were found bilaterally in the frontal sinuses of a one-year-old miniature horse. Diagnosis was based on radiography of the head and cytologic examination of tissue aspirated from the frontal sinuses. The cysts were surgically removed, using a hinged bone flap technique bilaterally over the frontal sinuses.
Anatomy of the dorsoscapular ligament of horses. Thoracic limbs from 8 horses were dissected. The dorsoscapular ligament was determined to consist of a collagenous part that fused to the surface of the thoracolumbar fascia and of an elastic part that extended laterally from the collagenous part to attach to the medial surface of the scapula and interdigitate with fibers of the serratus ventralis thoracis muscle.
Endometrial concentrations of ampicillin in mares after intrauterine infusion of the drug. Serum concentration of ampicillin, a semisynthetic penicillin, was measured in mares at various time intervals up to 24 hours after intrauterine infusion of 3 g of ampicillin. Blood samples were drawn immediately before infusion and at 1-, 4-, 10- and 24-hour intervals after infusion. At postinfusion hour 24, two endometrial biopsy specimens were obtained to measure endometrial concentrations of ampicillin. Blood was drawn twice as part of the 24-hour postinfusion sample collection, once before removal of the biopsy specimens and again 5 minutes after removal of the biopsy specimens. After dru...
Long-term jugular vein catheterization in horses. The use of soft catheter materials in large-bore veins has allowed safe long-term venous access in human patients. Similar principles were applied to groups of horses; the jugular vein was catheterized for 14 days (group 1) and for 30 days (group 2). Three catheter materials were compared, and the clinical and histologic findings indicated that the least reaction was associated with silastic, followed by polyurethane; polytetraflouroethylene caused marked reaction. Our results suggest that by using catheters made of materials (especially silastic) that are less stiff or rigid, the duration of ...
Carbon dioxide laser ablation for treatment of limbal squamous cell carcinoma in horses. Limbal squamous cell carcinoma in 4 horses was treated successfully, using carbon dioxide laser ablation. Tumors were removed, with minimal to no postoperative inflammation or discomfort to the horses. Carbon dioxide laser ablation represents a promising new option in the treatment of limbal squamous cell carcinoma in horses.
Twenty cases of equine osteoarthrosis detected at autopsy. A pathological study was performed on osteoarthrosis detected at autopsy in 20 horses whose ages ranged from 21 days to 17 years old. They were asymptomatic on the joints except in 3 animals, and autopsied after death or sacrificed due to accidental fracture or other diseases. Lesions of osteoarthrosis were recognized in all horses, which tended to increase in incidence and severity according to age. Lesions were concentrated at hinged joints such as the elbow, fetlock, and hock. Synovial fossae and ulcerative lesions were observed on each opposite articular cartilage, forming the so-called mi...
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in eight horses. Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia was diagnosed in eight horses on the basis of a positive Coomb's test. The disease was considered to be idiopathic in three cases and secondary to another condition in five. The clinical signs included dullness and depression, pyrexia, jaundice and haemoglobinuria. In addition to anaemia, haematological evaluation commonly revealed auto-agglutination of red cells and anisocytosis; reticulocytosis and an increased mean corpuscular volume were less commonly observed. Four horses were successfully treated with dexamethasone, but the other four were destroyed or died ...
Diagnostic ultrasonography for evaluation of cryptorchidism in horses. The location and size of 11 retained testes were accurately determined ultrasonographically. There was 100% correlation between the location of the testis determined by ultrasound vs that determined by surgery. Testicular size determined presurgically in all cases closely approximated the actual size obtained by gross measurement of the excised testis. The cryptorchid testicular echotexture was less dense than that of the normal descended testicles, but was easily identified. Ultrasonographic evaluations were completed by use of an ultrasound base unit with attached 5-MHz transrectal transduce...
Strength characteristics and failure modes of locking-loop and three-loop pulley suture patterns in equine tendons. Size 3-0 polydioxanone was used as a single strand, single braid (3 strands), or double braid (6 strands) to create six suture material-pattern combinations for equine tenorrhaphy: single-strand locking loop, single-braid locking loop, double-braid locking loop, single-strand three-loop pulley, single-braid three-loop pulley, and double-braid three-loop pulley. Maximum load to failure for the single-strand locking loop (46.1 +/- 2.9 newtons [N]) was less than for all other sutures (range, 103-155 N). The load required to form a 2 mm gap between tendon ends was greater for the single-braid thre...
Ectopic ureter in the horse: Three cases and a review of the literature. Ureterovesicular anastomosis resulted in resolution of the clinical signs of urinary incontinence in three horses with unilateral ectopic ureter. Follow-up of two of the horses ten months and three years later indicated no further urinary tract problems; the third horse died four days after surgery from intestinal infarction.Diagnosis can be readily confirmed by antegrade or retrograde ureterography, or endoscopic visualization of the ectopic ureteral openings. Nephrectomy appears indicated in cases of unilateral ectopic ureter with associated ipsilateral urinary tract infection or hydronephro...
Osteostixis for incomplete cortical fracture of the third metacarpal bone. Results in 11 horses. Eleven horses with acute or chronic incomplete cortical fractures of the left or right third metacarpal bone (McIII) were treated with surgical puncture (osteostixis). The fractures were diagnosed by physical examination and radiography. Four to eight holes, 2.7 or 3.5 mm in diameter, were drilled in the fractured bone. Radiographically, the fractures were healed by month 3, and the drill holes were inapparent by month 7. Nine horses (82%) returned to race competition, and two horses were retired, one the result of a surgical complication. The mean time between surgery and the first race was 9...
Visceral prolapse after castration in the horse: a review of 18 cases. During a 10 year period, 18 horses were treated surgically because of visceral prolapse after castration. Surgery was successful in six cases of omental prolapse and in eight out of 12 cases of intestinal prolapse. To minimise the risk of visceral prolapse, the authors prefer half-closed castration, with proper ligation of the parietal vaginal tunic, to open castration. If adequate treatment is started promptly, prognosis in cases of visceral prolapse is favourable.
[Experiences with the QBC-V hematology system at the veterinary hospitals of Zurich and Bern]. The QBC V hematology system was tested with respect to its application in veterinary medicine. PCV's and counts of total leukocytes, granulocytes, lympho/monocytes and platelets collected from 435 horses, dogs and cats were determined and compared with conventionally measured values. Precision and accuracy were found to be good for the majority of parameters. In the authors' opinion the QBC V hematology system is well suited for use in veterinary practice.
Clinical evaluation of laryngeal sensation in horses. Sensory innervation of the larynx was examined by tactile stimulation with a blunt biopsy forceps passed through a flexible videoendoscope. Twenty horses with no evidence of laryngeal motor deficit were stimulated on 10 sites by touch with the forceps. Unilateral neurectomies of the internal branch of the left cranial laryngeal nerve were performed on 5 other horses. These horses were stimulated by touch on the same sites preoperatively and up to 1 week postoperatively. In all 25 horses the motor response of the larynx was recorded on videotape and evaluated by 2 observers blind as to treatmen...
[Anesthesia by injection of xylazine, ketamine and the benzodiazepine derivative climazolam and the use of the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-3505]. 25 horses which entered the clinic for minor surgery, received ketamine (2.2 mg/kg i.v.) for induction of anesthesia after previous sedation with xylazine (1.1 mg/kg i.v.). As soon as the horses were in the lateral recumbency, the benzodiazepine derivate climazolam was administered at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg i.v. (10 horses) or 0.2 mg/kg i.v. (15 horses). The anesthesia was maintained with repeated injections of ketamine (1.1 mg/kg i.v. every 9-12 minutes). At the end of the surgery, 20 minutes after the last ketamine injection, Ro 15-3505, a benzodiazepine antagonist, was injected at a dose of 0....
Femoral capital physeal fractures in 25 foals. The medical records of 25 horses 1 year of age or younger affected with femoral head and neck fractures during an 18 year period were reviewed. Each fracture involved the capital physis. The foals were 11 days to 12 months of age (mean, 5 months). No femoral capital physeal fractures occurred in horses older than 1 year of age during the same period. The history in each case included acute onset of severe unilateral hindlimb lameness, 3 hours to 2 months (mean, 12 days) before presentation. Injuries observed were violent falls, struggles, and kicks. Crepitation, swelling, pain with manipulatio...
Pathways of lymph flow from superficial tissues in the legs of horses. Pathways of peripheral lymph flow from the legs in horses were studied with casts, and with light and electron microscopic techniques. Although lymph nodes in horses occur in large groups, each lymph vessel draining from the periphery appeared to terminate on a single node within a group. The larger branches of each vessel divided either on the node surface or after penetrating into the node, and 25 to 60 terminal afferent vessels entered either the subcapsular, medullary or trabecular sinuses. Numerous initial efferent lymphatics arose either within the medulla, or at its surface, and they of...
Effects of age and prosthesis material on in vitro cartilage retention of laryngoplasty prostheses in horses. Cartilage retention strengths of laryngoplasty prostheses were compared in larynges of 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old horses, using doubled polyester and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene prostheses. Bilateral laryngoplasties were performed on each of 15 (seven 2-year-old, two 3-year-old, and six 4-year-old) larynges, which were collected at an abbatoir. Prostheses were secured to a mechanical testing machine, and tension causing arytenoid cartilage abduction was applied, until total failure of the cartilage or prosthesis resulted. Tension caused cricoid cartilage failure in 1 specimen, and muscular pr...
Rapid determination of methandrostenolone in equine urine by isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Urine samples were spiked with [17-methyl-2H3]methandrostenolone as internal standard and extracted with a mixture of dichloromethane and cyclohexane. The organic phase was concentrated and injected onto a short octyl-silica column (30 mm x 4.6 mm I.D.) for separation of methandrostenolone and 17-epimethandrostenolone. The effluent from the column was connected to a Sciex TAGA 6000E triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an atmospheric pressure ion source for sampling of ions generated by a heated pneumatic nebulizer with corona discharge ionization. This ion source produced abundan...
[Preliminary experience with a buffy coat analyser in horses]. The present author's practice was offered the opportunity of testing a so-called buffy-coat analyser of the firm of Becton & Dickinson for its use in the field. He does not deny readers the report of his preliminary experience. In addition, the interpretation of the results and the limitations of the apparatus are briefly discussed.
Wounds associated with osseous sequestration and penetrating foreign bodies. Nonhealing wounds can present a frustrating clinical challenge to the veterinary practitioner. In many cases, healing is delayed by the presence of a foreign body or sequestrum; a review of wounds complicated by the presence of osseous sequestration and penetrating foreign bodies is presented. The typical signs include delayed wound healing and the presence of serous to exudative drainage, which may vary from intermittent to continuous. The use of radiographic or sonographic imaging modalities is often of value in reaching a diagnosis. Removal of the sequestra or foreign body is generally cura...
Techniques of wound closure. Although many wounds in horses heal successfully by second-intention healing or delayed closure, some wounds can be sutured primarily, with reasonably high expectations of first-intention healing. To expect to achieve these results, one needs to have a rational treatment plan. Such a plan should be based on a working knowledge of the biology of tissue repair and tissue infection. Treatment decisions should be based more on results of experimental and clinical trials rather than on testimonials of other practitioners.
