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Topic:Veterinary Research
Veterinary research in horses encompasses the study of diseases, health management, and medical treatments specific to equine species. This field investigates various aspects of horse health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions. Researchers focus on understanding the pathophysiology of equine ailments, developing diagnostic tools, and evaluating therapeutic interventions. The study of horse health also involves examining preventive measures such as vaccination protocols and nutritional management to promote overall well-being. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse areas of veterinary science related to horses, providing insights into disease mechanisms, treatment strategies, and advancements in equine healthcare.
Equine basal cell tumors. Basal cell tumors from 11 horses were examined histologically. Distinct patterns identified in the order of frequency are adenoid (six), solid (three), and medusoid (two). A minor component of most of these neoplasms was a ribbon pattern and cystic spaces. Hyalinized connective tissue and clear cells reminiscent of hair follicle glassy membranes and outer root sheath were present in a solid and the medusoid tumors. Heavy melanin pigmentation was present in one solid basal cell tumor. In eight cases for which information was available, the tumors had not recurred 3 to 8 years after excision.
Evaluation and management of respiratory disease in the horse. Respiratory disease is one of the commonest medical reasons for referring a horse to the Royal Veterinary College, with coughing the main presenting sign. Investigation requires the taking of a detailed history, clinical examination, the use of appropriate diagnostic aids and noting response to medication and management changes. On arrival the horse is stabled in a minimal dust environment, remaining there until discharge. The use of a dust-free box frequently produces a favourable response without the use of medication which in itself is diagnostic. The problem of a horse which is asymptomati...
In-vitro biosynthesis of C18 neutral steroids in horse testes. Deuterium, 14C- and 3H-labelled steroid substrates were incubated with minced testicular tissue from stallions of different ages. After extraction and separation of the neutral and phenolic fractions the metabolites were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The presence of the expected C19 neutral and C18 phenolic steroids was confirmed. An isomer of 5(10)-oestrene-3,17-diol was also identified.
[Endometrial cysts in the mare. 1. Post-mortem studies: occurrence and morphology]. During macroscopic post-mortem examinations of the genital tract in 104 mares endometrial cysts occurred in 14 (13%) cases. Whereas in mares up to the age of 10 years cystic changes were absent, endometrial cysts occurred in 19% of the animals above the age of 10 years. In 6 mares only 1-2 cysts per uterus were found, and in 8 animals there were between 5 and 18 cystic changes per organ. The cysts were equally distributed in the uterus body and horns. Sporadically occurring cysts were about 11 mm in diameter with a decreasing size to a mean value of 5 mm in multiple cysts. Predominantly in the...
[Neurological examination of the horse]. Neurological examination in equine practice, physiological findings and pathological disturbances are described. Because of the sizes of the horse the neurological examination is more difficult than in small animals. The examination of cerebrospinal fluid is a worthful completion and is able to refer to the etiology of a certain disease. The technique of the puncture of cerebrospinal fluid is described.
Exogenous hormone regimens to utilize successfully mares in dioestrus (days 2-14 after ovulation) as embryo transfer recipients. Two hormone regimens were utilized for recipient mares which were 2-14 days after ovulation at the time of non-surgical embryo transfer. In Exp. I, 20 embryos were transferred non-surgically into recipient mares which had been given 22 mg altrenogest daily starting the day of recipient ovulation. Higher (P less than 0.05) pregnancy rates (50% vs 0%) were obtained in mares which were 2-6 days after ovulation at the time of transfer compared with mares which were 7-12 days after ovulation. In Exp. II, on the day the donor mare ovulated (Day 0), 10 mg PGF-2 alpha were given to the recipient mare ...
Trabecular bone remodeling around smooth and porous implants in an equine patellar model. The objective of this investigation was to examine the stress-morphology relationships for trabecular bone around implants with different surface characteristics. Stainless steel spheres with either a polished surface or a sintered-bead porous coating were implanted unilaterally into equine patellae and maintained for a 6 month period. Stereological methods were used to quantify the trabecular bone morphology and finite element analyses were performed to predict the trabecular bone stresses. In general, the remodeling response around the smooth implants was greater than that around those porou...
Changes in maternal hormone concentrations associated with induction of fetal death at day 45 of gestation in mares. Pregnant Standardbred mares were allocated to 2 groups. On Day 45 of gestation, 20-45 ml saline (240 g NaCl/l) were injected into the fetal sacs of 10 mares, and the other 10 mares were given sham treatment. Post-operative plasma oestrone sulphate concentrations were lower (P less than 0.01) on Days 48-55 in saline-treated mares than in sham-treated mares. Mean plasma progesterone profiles were similar in the two groups of mares, although post-operative luteolysis occurred in 4 saline-treated mares. There was no difference in plasma CG profiles between the 2 groups, except that CG concentratio...
Susceptibility of various cell culture systems to pseudorabies virus. A comparative study was carried out to determine the susceptibility of five different cell lines to pseudorabies virus (PRV), a herpes virus of pigs. The cell systems tested were swine testicle (ST), mink lung (ML), equine dermal (ED), porcine kidney (PK15), and bovine turbinate (BT) cells. Virus titers obtained were 10(4.88), 10(4.38), 10(3.75), 10(2.63), and 10(0.25) for ML, ST, PK15, BT and ED cells, respectively indicating that ML, ST, and PK15 are optimal cell lines for the growth of PRV whereas BT and ED are not very sensitive.
[Corrosion anatomical studies of the blood vessel system of the mare ovary]. The ovary of the mare is vascularized by two branches of the A. ovarica, which differ in diameter. They take a characteristic course in this organ. Near the ovulation fossa several branches of 1st and 2nd class leave the A. ovarica to provide the functional structures. These vessels are formed like a corkscrew. At the veins and its ramifications there are sphincter-like structures which support the venous valves. They are of haemodynamic importance for the different phases of the functional structures.
Use of an ELISA in the differential diagnosis of cauda equina neuritis and other equine neuropathies. In 27 potential neuropathies an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using P2 preparations from either bovine or equine myelin, detected all cases of cauda equina neuritis in which there was caudal involvement. The test was of limited value in differentiating neuropathies involving only cranial or other peripheral nerves.
Effects of cromolyn in horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The effect of disodium cromoglycate (cromolyn) in preventing the pulmonary dysfunction caused by the inhalation of barn and hay dust was studied in 5 horses with confirmed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The horses were studied before (Con) and after exposure to hay and dust allergens (Expos) and after pretreatment with cromolyn followed by exposure (Cr-Expos). There was a significant reduction in PaO2 from 86.8 +/- 8.3 to 73.1 +/- 8.8 when the horses were exposed to hay and dust allergens. The PaO2 after pretreatment with cromolyn and exposures was 78.1 +/- 5.5. There were no si...
Pharmacological manipulation of sexual behaviour in stallions. Series of experiments and clinical trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of psychoneurotropic agents on sexual behaviour of stallions. The benzodiazepine derivative, diazepam (Valium), effectively reversed experimentally suppressed precopulatory arousal and response. Diazepam treatment also blocked the negative effect of novel environment on sexual response. The dibenzazepines imipramine and clomipramine induced erection, masturbation, and ejaculation in the absence of a sexual stimulus.
Measurement of free cortisol and the capacity and association constant of cortisol-binding proteins in plasma of foals and adult horses. A direct method for measuring the capacity of the high-affinity binding protein, CBG, based on charcoal adsorption, was validated for use in the horse. Several unique aspects of cortisol binding in the horse were observed: (1) CBG content at birth was the lowest of any species studied, (2) CBG concentration increased with age whereas in other species it decreases, (3) the plasma of the new born foal has a binding protein, not reported for other species, which binds as much cortisol as does CBG. Its capacity and affinity are intermediate between albumin and CBG. It may be involved prenatally in...
Observations on the epidemiology and control of Strongylus vulgaris infections. The epidemiology and control of helminth infections in the horse were studied in four small grazing experiments between 1981 and 1984 at the University of Utrecht. At autopsy in November or December negligible Strongylus vulgaris burdens were found in the cranial mesenteric artery of four groups of ponies, which had been treated with an anthelmintic in July and subsequently transferred to a clean pasture. Considerable arterial S. vulgaris burdens were seen in three groups of ponies which were treated with an anthelmintic in July without a move to clean pasture, and in another group of ponies i...
Distribution of spermatozoa in the mare’s oviduct. The morphology of the uterotubal junction (UTJ) and caudal isthmus during the peri-ovulatory period, and the distribution of spermatozoa within the region, were studied in 10 Pony mares. The proximal tip of the uterine horn and caudal 1-2 cm of the isthmus were removed during oestrus or shortly after ovulation from animals mated or artificially inseminated within the previous 24 h. The tissues were incised longitudinally and fixed for scanning electron microscopy. Analysis of micrographs showed deep longitudinal and oedematous folds in the preovulatory samples. After ovulation, much of the fol...
Idiopathic effusive pericarditis with tamponade in the horse. Pericarditis and pericardial effusion are considered to occur rarely in the horse. The clinical and laboratory features of idiopathic pericarditis with effusion diagnosed in 10 horses over a seven-year period were reviewed. Consistent physical findings included tachycardia, ventral oedema, jugular venous distention and diminished heart sounds. Electrocardiographic features included diminished voltages and electrical alternans, and the effusion was identified by echocardiography in the six horses in which it was performed. Pericardiocentesis relieved clinical signs in nine horses. Laboratory an...
Analysis of X-chromosome inactivation in horse embryos. To define the time of X-chromosome inactivation in the horse, 122 conceptuses were collected transcervically between Days 6 and 28 (ovulation = Day 0) and subjected to cytogenetic analysis: 59 of the embryos were divided and in 41 of these separate cytogenetic analysis of the embryonic disc and remaining tissues was possible. Conceptuses were measured and photographed before capsule removal, culture in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine and subsequent fixation for cytogenetic analysis. On average, 15 slides were prepared per conceptus. C-banding was used to determine the sex of each conceptus...
Influence of follicular status on twinning rate in mares. Between 1982 and 1985, 1015 mares were evaluated using the following parameters: age, mare status (maiden, barren, lactating), Caslick index, Caslick operation, ovarian cycle, ovarian and follicular size, treatments (hCG and intrauterine infusions), number of ovulations after mating (184 mares), number of conceptuses present, dimensions of embryonic vesicles, and pregnancy status 45 days after mating. Mares were examined ultrasonographically between Days 12 and 25 to detect the presence of embryonic vesicles and measure the dimensions of each vesicle. The data were analysed by a stepwise logis...
Antepartum evaluations of the equine fetus. Measurements were made by real-time ultrasonography in 14 healthy mares to assess fetal growth and estimate newborn foal weights. Intrauterine fluid volumes were estimated and the placenta was measured and observed for maturational changes. The onset and incidence of echogenic particles in the allantoic fluid were recorded. In the second approach, baseline fetal heart rate, physiological rate variations and number, amplitude and duration of recorded accelerations were measured. Estimates of birth weights were within +/- 3.49 kg. Allantoic fluid was evident in all sonographic planes within the ...
