Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Veterinary Research
Veterinary research in horses encompasses the study of diseases, health management, and medical treatments specific to equine species. This field investigates various aspects of horse health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions. Researchers focus on understanding the pathophysiology of equine ailments, developing diagnostic tools, and evaluating therapeutic interventions. The study of horse health also involves examining preventive measures such as vaccination protocols and nutritional management to promote overall well-being. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse areas of veterinary science related to horses, providing insights into disease mechanisms, treatment strategies, and advancements in equine healthcare.
Induction of multiple ovulations during the ovulatory season in mares. The efficacy of an equine pituitary extract for induction of multiple ovulations during the ovulatory season was studied in 112 horse mares in four experiments. Combined for all experiments, 70% of the mares (78/112) had multiple ovulations for an average of 3.0 ovulations per mare. The interval between first and last ovulation was decreased (P<0.01) when human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was included in the treatment regimen (0.0+/-0.0 versus 1.6+/-0.4 days). Ovulation rate was lower (P<0.01) when extract treatment was initiated at day 19 (1.3+/-0.2) than when initiated at day 15 post-...
Species dependent gentamicin pharmacokinetics and nephrotoxicity in the young horse. Gentamicin pharmacokinetics and nephrotoxic potential were evaluated in twelve 2 to 3 month-old horses. Whereas recent evidence in our clinic indicated that young horses may be especially susceptible to gentamicin nephrotoxicity, young rabbits and rats are usually resistant. Gentamicin (4.5 mg/kg) was given by rapid intravenous injection. Serum gentamicin concentrations over a 13-hour period were fitted to an open, two-compartment, pharmacokinetic model. Subsequently, the same horses were divided into groups of 3 horses each. Each group received 0, 2.2, 4.4 or 8.8 mg gentamicin/kg, intramuscul...
The in vitro effects of EDTA-tris, EDTA-tris-lysozyme, and antimicrobial agents on equine genital isolants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Five isolants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected from clinical cases of equine genital infection and one standard strain of P. aeruginosa were exposed to various concentrations of ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (tris buffer pH 8) and EDTA-tris lysozyme. Colony forming units of the isolants and minimal inhibitory concentrations for 11 antimicrobial agents were determined with each isolant before and after exposure to the EDTA solutions. Decreased cellular viability was found with all six isolants after exposure to the EDTA-tris solutions. Reversal...
Effect of cardiac arrhythmia on left ventricular and aortic blood pressure parameters in the horse. Transaortic blood pressures were recorded in seven horses using catheter mounted transducers during various types of supraventricular arrhythmia. Changes in left ventricular (LV) and aortic (Ao) pulse contours were associated with variation in pulse interval (PI). When PI lengthened there was a rise in LV end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) associated with a prolonged filling time. In contrast, a long PI resulted in a reduced end diastolic Ao pressure (AoEDP) due to a prolonged arterial 'run off'. LVdP/dt max representing the peak rate of rise of pressure during the isovolumic contraction period wa...
Inhibition of motility of bovine, canine and equine spermatozoa by artificial vagina lubricants. The effects of four vaginal lubricants on progressive spermatozoal motility were evaluated. Neat semen was exposed to 0, 5, or 10% (w/v) of H-R, sterile K-Y, nonsterile K-Y or Maxilube lubricating jellies for 10 min at 37 degrees C and then extended to 10x10(6) spermatozoa/ml. Spermatozoal motility was evaluated after 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 or 8 h of incubation at 37 degrees C. For bovine spermatozoa, sterile K-Y jelly at 10% suppressed motility (P<0.05), but nonsterile K-Y, H-R and Maxilube jellies had no effect. Maxilube was toxic (P<0.01) to canine spermatozoa and is not recommended for use...
Sodium and potassium ion-dependent change in oligomerization of Na,K-ATPase in C12E8 detected by low-angle laser light scattering technique in combination with high performance porous silica-gel chromatography. Approximate molecular weights and the subunit structures of Na,K-ATPase from horse kidney were estimated by means of the combination of porous silica gel chromatography, laser light scattering (LS) and refractive index (RI) measurements in C12E8. When the enzymes were eluted with NaCl- or KCl-containing solution, 3 or 4 protein peaks, respectively were detected except that of low molecular weight range. These peaks were tentatively named Na-1, Na-2, Na-2', Na-3 (NaCl-containing eluents), K-1, K-2, K-3 (KCl-containing eluents), respectively. Na,K-ATPase and K-p-nitrophenylphosphatase activities...
Renal papillary necrosis in horses after phenylbutazone and water deprivation. Acute renal papillary necrosis occurred in five horses given normal therapeutic doses of phenylbutazone and deprived of water for 36 to 48 hours prior to euthanasia. Five horses given phenylbutazone alone and four horses subjected to water deprivation alone did not develop papillary necrosis. Urinalyses were normal prior to water deprivation, and also after water deprivation in the horses that did not receive phenylbutazone, but the water-deprived, phenylbutazone-treated horses had many red blood cells, transitional epithelial cells, and large numbers of oxalate crystals in their urine. Ulcera...
Radiographic assessment of epiglottic length and pharyngeal and laryngeal diameters in the Thoroughbred. A lateral radiograph of the pharyngeal region provides a technique for identifying pharyngeal disorders, including entrapment of the epiglottic cartilage and dorsal displacement of the soft palate. Epiglottic cartilage length, predicted from radiographs by measurement from the body of the thyroid cartilage to the tip of the epiglottis (thyroepiglottic length), was well correlated to actual length at postmortem examination (r2 = 0.98). Thyroepiglottic length, corrected for magnification, was 8.76 +/- 0.44 cm in 24 healthy Thoroughbreds. Nine Thoroughbreds with entrapment of the epiglottic carti...
The spectrum of antiviral activities of acyclovir in vitro and in vivo. In vitro sensitivity data suggest that acyclovir should be effective against clinical manifestations of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus and possibly Epstein-Barr virus. The clinical potential against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 is further supported by results in animal models. Human cytomegalovirus and the veterinary herpes viruses, with the possible exception of equine herpes virus type 1, may be insufficiently sensitive to be amenable to treatment.
A pharmacokinetic study of digoxin in the horse. Digoxin was administered orally and intravenously to seven healthy adult mares and geldings in two separate trials. At a dose of 44 microgram digoxin/kg body weight, the oral study was characterized by an absorption phase with a mean (+/- 1 standard deviation) peak serum digoxin concentration of 2.21 ng/ml (+/- 0.45) at a mean of 2.29 h (+/- 1.52) after administration. A second rise in serum digoxin concentration started about 6-8 h after administration and extended to about 20 h after administration. The mean bioavailability (F) was 23.38% (+/- 5.96). At a dose of 22 microgram digoxin/kg body...
Interspecies activation of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase by apolipoprotein A-I isolated from the plasma of humans, horses, sheep, goats and rabbits. The abilities of apolipoprotein A-I species isolated from humans, horses, sheep, goats and rabbits to activate purified human lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase and the enzyme from homologous plasmas and plasma of other mammalian species were compared. Each purified apolipoprotein A-I species was individually incorporated into phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol vesicles by the cholate dialysis method to form proteoliposome common substrates (apolipoprotein A-I/phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol molar ratio of 1:250:12.5) for the enzyme activity assay. All apolipoprotein A-I species tested had the ...
Ivermectin: a potent new antiparasitic agent. Ivermectin is the 22,23-dihydro derivative of avermectin B1, a macrocyclic lactone produced by an actinomycete, Streptomyces avermitilis. It is active at extremely low dosage against a wide variety of nematode and arthropod parasites, apparently by virtue of its action on the mediation of neurotransmission by gamma-aminobutyric acid. It is now in commercial use in various countries for the treatment and control of parasites in cattle, horses, and sheep, and is expected to become available for use in swine and dogs. Since studies with the drug in man are in a preliminary stage, it is not yet kn...
Effect of isometamidium on infections by Trypanosoma vivax and T. evansi in experimentally-infected animals. Assays dealing with the therapeutic and prophylactic activity of isometamidium on experimental infections by Trypanosoma vivax and T. evansi were carried out. The drug was found to be highly effective against T. vivax infection in sheep and cattle in which periods of protection ranging from 118 to 195 days were achieved. No complete effects against infection by T. evansi were observed. The drug was well tolerated in sheep and cattle while side-effects were noted in treated mares. It was concluded that isometamidium could be used to prevent damage and economical losses caused by T. vivax in Ven...
Ultrastructure of the equine hoof wall secondary epidermal lamellae. The ultrastructure of cells of the secondary epidermal lamellae from the hoof wall of 8 adult horses was described. Stages of progressive keratinization were not observed in this cell population. The morphologic features of cells of the secondary epidermal lamellae indicated that these lamellae were composed of nonmobile populations of cells and that primary epidermal lamellae moved past the secondary lamellae by breaking of the desmosomes connecting these 2 cell populations. Seemingly, debris present in the intercellular space between primary and secondary lamellae was a by-product of this re...
Using red blood cell creatine concentration to evaluate the equine erythropoietic response. Red blood cell creatine concentration was examined to determine its association with the equine erythropoietic response. Studies were conducted on 9 healthy horses, 4 healthy ponies, 24 anemia horses, and 2 horses in which anemia was experimentally induced. A modified Jaffe reaction was used to measure RBC creatine concentration. The mean RBC creatine concentration of the 9 healthy horses was 5.72 +/- 0.42 mg/dl, and that of the 4 healthy ponies was 2.59 +/- 0.31 mg/dl. Density-separation of erythrocytes from the healthy horses revealed significantly higher (P less than 0.001) creatine content...
Radiographic anatomy of the equine thorax as a basis for radiological interpretation. This article describes the gross radiographic anatomy of the equine thorax observed on the lateral radiographic projection. The descriptions presented were derived from a retrospective study of a large number of thoracic radiographs of cases referred to the Massey University clinic in conjunction with research studies in bronchography, angiography and in vitro contrast techniques. The characteristics of the thoracic bony structures, the vasculature, and the airways are examined separately; followed by a discussion of the relative contribution of the various structures to the overall thoracic r...
Simplified technique for histochemical determination of three fiber types in equine skeletal muscle. For determination of 3 muscle fiber types in equine skeletal muscle, a comparison of 2 preincubation buffers, each followed by myosin adenosine triphosphatase staining, was made. Serial sections of the muscle samples (n = 75) were preincubated in an acid buffer (pH 4.6) or a formaldehyde-glycine buffer (pH 7.25) and then were stained for myosin adenosine triphosphatase. Differentiation of muscle fibers into type I, IIA, and IIB was identical with both techniques; however, in the samples prepared at pH 4.6, type I fibers were black; type IIA, light gray; and type IIB, dark gray. In the samples ...
Effects of training on cardiorespiratory function in the horse. The effects of 5- and 10-wk treadmill exercise training on cardiorespiratory function were evaluated in the horse. Cardiac output (Q), heart rate (HR), and stroke volume (SV), as well as left ventricular (LVP), aortic (AoP), and mean right atrial (RAP) pressures and the peak first time derivative of LVP (LV dP/dtmax), were measured at rest and at five different levels of exercise up to 90% of initial predicted maximal HR (HRmax). Oxygen uptake (VO2) and respiratory exchange ratio (R) were also obtained under the same conditions. At rest, although HR was no different after training, LV dP/dtmax...
Properties and distribution of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C in human and horse platelets. Phospholipase C has been studied in homogenates, total particulate and soluble fractions of horse and human platelets. This enzyme, assayed with exogenous L-3-phosphatidyl[14C]inositol, is predominantly localized in the soluble fraction and its distribution parallels that of lactate dehydrogenase. A small percentage of activity present in the particulate fraction seems to be due to contamination with soluble enzyme. Enzyme from horse and human platelets appears identical, having a Km of 0.10-0.15 mM, acid pH optimum (pH 5.5) and showing Ca2+-dependency and weak inhibition by deoxycholate. Anal...
