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Topic:Veterinary Research
Veterinary research in horses encompasses the study of diseases, health management, and medical treatments specific to equine species. This field investigates various aspects of horse health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions. Researchers focus on understanding the pathophysiology of equine ailments, developing diagnostic tools, and evaluating therapeutic interventions. The study of horse health also involves examining preventive measures such as vaccination protocols and nutritional management to promote overall well-being. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse areas of veterinary science related to horses, providing insights into disease mechanisms, treatment strategies, and advancements in equine healthcare.
Effect of isometamidium on infections by Trypanosoma vivax and T. evansi in experimentally-infected animals. Assays dealing with the therapeutic and prophylactic activity of isometamidium on experimental infections by Trypanosoma vivax and T. evansi were carried out. The drug was found to be highly effective against T. vivax infection in sheep and cattle in which periods of protection ranging from 118 to 195 days were achieved. No complete effects against infection by T. evansi were observed. The drug was well tolerated in sheep and cattle while side-effects were noted in treated mares. It was concluded that isometamidium could be used to prevent damage and economical losses caused by T. vivax in Ven...
Radiographic anatomy of the equine thorax as a basis for radiological interpretation. This article describes the gross radiographic anatomy of the equine thorax observed on the lateral radiographic projection. The descriptions presented were derived from a retrospective study of a large number of thoracic radiographs of cases referred to the Massey University clinic in conjunction with research studies in bronchography, angiography and in vitro contrast techniques. The characteristics of the thoracic bony structures, the vasculature, and the airways are examined separately; followed by a discussion of the relative contribution of the various structures to the overall thoracic r...
Simplified technique for histochemical determination of three fiber types in equine skeletal muscle. For determination of 3 muscle fiber types in equine skeletal muscle, a comparison of 2 preincubation buffers, each followed by myosin adenosine triphosphatase staining, was made. Serial sections of the muscle samples (n = 75) were preincubated in an acid buffer (pH 4.6) or a formaldehyde-glycine buffer (pH 7.25) and then were stained for myosin adenosine triphosphatase. Differentiation of muscle fibers into type I, IIA, and IIB was identical with both techniques; however, in the samples prepared at pH 4.6, type I fibers were black; type IIA, light gray; and type IIB, dark gray. In the samples ...
Using red blood cell creatine concentration to evaluate the equine erythropoietic response. Red blood cell creatine concentration was examined to determine its association with the equine erythropoietic response. Studies were conducted on 9 healthy horses, 4 healthy ponies, 24 anemia horses, and 2 horses in which anemia was experimentally induced. A modified Jaffe reaction was used to measure RBC creatine concentration. The mean RBC creatine concentration of the 9 healthy horses was 5.72 +/- 0.42 mg/dl, and that of the 4 healthy ponies was 2.59 +/- 0.31 mg/dl. Density-separation of erythrocytes from the healthy horses revealed significantly higher (P less than 0.001) creatine content...
Effects of training on cardiorespiratory function in the horse. The effects of 5- and 10-wk treadmill exercise training on cardiorespiratory function were evaluated in the horse. Cardiac output (Q), heart rate (HR), and stroke volume (SV), as well as left ventricular (LVP), aortic (AoP), and mean right atrial (RAP) pressures and the peak first time derivative of LVP (LV dP/dtmax), were measured at rest and at five different levels of exercise up to 90% of initial predicted maximal HR (HRmax). Oxygen uptake (VO2) and respiratory exchange ratio (R) were also obtained under the same conditions. At rest, although HR was no different after training, LV dP/dtmax...
Properties and distribution of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C in human and horse platelets. Phospholipase C has been studied in homogenates, total particulate and soluble fractions of horse and human platelets. This enzyme, assayed with exogenous L-3-phosphatidyl[14C]inositol, is predominantly localized in the soluble fraction and its distribution parallels that of lactate dehydrogenase. A small percentage of activity present in the particulate fraction seems to be due to contamination with soluble enzyme. Enzyme from horse and human platelets appears identical, having a Km of 0.10-0.15 mM, acid pH optimum (pH 5.5) and showing Ca2+-dependency and weak inhibition by deoxycholate. Anal...
Chemical restraint of wild horses: effects on reproduction and social structure. Twenty-three (9 male, 14 female) wild horses (Equus caballus) in the Great Basin Desert were immobilized by ground techniques with succinylcholine chloride during 1,950 person-hr. Induction (means = 2.09 +/- 0.59 min) and recovery (means = 12.4 +/- 5.0 min) were rapid and most animals were returned in less than 10 min to original bands. Dosages ranged from 0.66-0.77 mg/kg body weight and neither abortions nor band changes in group membership resulted. However, a few concerted efforts up to 24 hr were needed to return some animals to original bands and three non-drug related mortalities occurre...
Evaluation of quantitative bacterial counts as an aid in the treatment of wounds in the horse. Bacterial quantification was evaluated in 15 cases as a means of wound assessment. This study suggests that bacterial quantification may be used as an aid in the evaluation of treatment procedures and wound preparation in veterinary surgery.
Traumatic patella fractures in the horse. Six cases of patella fractures are reported. Three horses presented an avulsion fracture of the medial patellar angle. For a precise diagnosis of this fracture a radiographic skyline view was indispensable; lateral views were not diagnostic. One of these horses recovered after three months' rest but radiographically the fracture remained visible. One horse with a comminuted fracture recovered after five months' rest. A case with a contaminated longitudinal patella fracture was destroyed. The sixth horse had a chip fracture of the dorsomedial part of the patella. The outcome of this case is unk...
Fecal leukocytes and epithelial cells in horses with diarrhea. Fecal samples from 74 horses with diarrhea were examined microscopically for leukocytes and epithelial cells. The diarrhea was categorized as either acute (less than two weeks) or chronic, Salmonella positive or negative, and mild or severe (based on the fecal consistency). A large number of fecal leukocytes was strongly suggestive of salmonellosis; however, approximately 1/3 of the horses with Salmonella-negative diarrhea also shed fecal leukocytes. Fecal leukocytes were more common in horses with acute and/or severe diarrhea regardless of cause. Numbers of fecal colonic mucosal epithelial ce...
A collaborative assay of mycoplasma reference antisera. A total of 29 Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma antiserum reagents produced in mules and horses by the Baltimore Biological Laboratory and by Huntingdon Research Centre, under the auspices of National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA, were tested for potency and specificity, by a great variety of serological techniques, at the FAO/WHO Collaborating centre for Animal Mycoplasmas, University of Aarhus, Denmark. Subsequently, the antisera were subjected to a collaborative assay in which 20 workers from 15 different laboratories participated under the auspices of the International Research Programme ...
Serum albumin values from healthy cattle, sheep and horses determined by the immediate bromocresol green reaction and by agarose gel electrophoresis. Serum albumin concentrations were measured by the immediate reacting bromocresol green (BCG) method and by agarose gel electrophoresis in healthy cattle, sheep and horses. No statistically significant differences were found between the values obtained by the two methods. The immediate reacting BCG method is quicker and cheaper when used under the conditions described.
Detection of rotavirus in horses with and without diarrhea by electron microscopy and Rotazyme test. A total of 142 equine fecal samples (93 field fecal and 49 experimental fecal specimens) were examined for rotavirus using direct electron microscopy (EM) and the Rotazyme test. Eighty-six stool specimens were diarrhea samples. The Rotazyme test sensitivity and accuracy as compared to EM was determined by the visual (color reaction) and spectrophotometric methods. The overall agreement was 94.8% and 92.3% between EM and Rotazyme visual and spectrophotometric methods, respectively when suspect reactions (1 + color reaction or net absorbance between 0.05 and 0.1) were not included. The Rotazyme ...
Serovar identification of leptospires of the Australis serogroup isolated from free-living and domestic species in the United Kingdom. Eighteen isolates from the Australis serogroup from free-living and domestic animals were identified using the cross agglutination absorption test. Serovar muenchen was found only in England and Wales in wood mice, short tailed and bank voles, a grey squirrel and a pig. Serovar bratislava was found in hedgehogs in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and also in a brown rat from Northern Ireland. Serovar bratislava was isolated from sheep in both England and Northern Ireland and from horses in Northern Ireland. The distribution of these serovars in relation to possible maintenance hosts is disc...
Radioimmunological measurement of beta-endorphin in equine plasma. Radioimmunoassay procedures were developed and validated for the quantification of beta-endorphin (beta-EP)-like immunoreactivity in equine plasma. beta-EP could be quantitatively extracted from plasma with silicic acid powder and subsequently assayed, however, valid estimates of this hormone could also be obtained on unextracted plasma. Although beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH) cross-reacted in the assay, it was not necessary to correct for beta-LPH activity when assaying unextracted plasma because chromatographic analyses showed that 92% of the immunoreactivity in plasma extracts was similar in mo...
