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Topic:Veterinary Research
Veterinary research in horses encompasses the study of diseases, health management, and medical treatments specific to equine species. This field investigates various aspects of horse health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions. Researchers focus on understanding the pathophysiology of equine ailments, developing diagnostic tools, and evaluating therapeutic interventions. The study of horse health also involves examining preventive measures such as vaccination protocols and nutritional management to promote overall well-being. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse areas of veterinary science related to horses, providing insights into disease mechanisms, treatment strategies, and advancements in equine healthcare.
Quantitation of the immunoglobulins in reproductive tract secretions of the mare. IgG, IgA, IgM and albumin concentrations were measured in serum, follicular fluid and oviductal, uterine and intestinal secretions of the horse. Follicular protein concentrations were found to be dependent on serum concentration and molecular size. Of the immunoglobulins only IgG was detectable in oviductal secretions, but IgG:albumin ratios did not differ significantly from those in serum. IgG, IgA and IgM were measured in uterine secretions, with IgG predominant. Serum transudation into uterine secretions was minimal. In intestinal secretions, IgA levels were slightly higher than IgG, with a...
Mare lactotransferrin: purification, analysis and N-terminal sequence determination. Mare lactotransferrin has been purified and analyzed. Its molecular mass is 81 kDa. A 28 amino acid long N-terminal sequence was established and a first series of comparisons with other transferrins was performed.
Medical management of esophageal stricture in seven horses. Esophageal strictures developed in 7 horses that were treated for esophageal obstruction. A soft diet was fed to all horses, with intermittent nasogastric tube feeding in one, and medication included nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Maximal reduction in esophageal lumen diameter was evident by 30 days following circumferential esophageal ulceration, after which lumen diameter increased rapidly. Five horses were clinically normal by 60 days after the esophageal injury. Two horses were euthanatized at the owner's request, 16 and 17 days after the original insult.
Pathogenicity of equine herpesvirus 1 subtype 2 for foals and adult pony mares. Three pony mares and 4 pony foals were inoculated with a subtype 2 strain of equine herpesvirus 1. Foals had periods of fever 12 h and 2.5 days after inoculation and leukopenia, involving both neutrophils and lymphocytes, followed by leukocytosis. Mares had transient fever and leukopenia 24 hours after inoculation that were less severe than in foals. An increase in circulating virus-neutralizing antibody was seen in 2 of 3 inoculated mares, but not in foals. Attempts to isolate virus from blood were unsuccessful. These studies show that equine herpesvirus 1 subtype 2 is a mild pathogen for pon...
Serum testosterone levels in young normal horses. Serum testosterone levels were measured in normal young male horses (29 to 34 weeks old). No differences were found between gelded and intact males. The values for all the horses were low. On the basis of their testosterone levels, all the horses were prepubertal.
Endometritis in the mare caused by a Coryneform organism–a case report and experimental studies. Persistent purulent endometritis in a mare was attributed to an unclassified species of Corynebacterium. Following intrauterine infusions of 20% betadine for 5 days the purulent vulval discharge ceased and the mare appeared clinically normal. Based on histological examination of endometrial biopsy samples, the severe acute inflammatory reaction had largely resolved 2 days after therapy. Three maiden mares considered resistant to bacterial endometritis received single intrauterine inoculations of 1.8 X 10(9) colony-forming units of the Corynebacterium species. The uterine response was followed ...
Functional and ultrastructural changes in neutrophils from mares and foals experimentally inoculated with a respiratory tract strain of equine herpesvirus-1. Neutrophils isolated from venous blood of adult and foal ponies inoculated with equine herpesvirus-1 were evaluated by in vitro function tests and by electron microscopy. Foals had fever and severe neutropenia 24 hours after inoculation; increased neutrophil random migration under agarose and decreased antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity were significant at 24 hours, but values had returned to preinoculation levels by 72 hours. Mares had fever and leukopenia of less severity, increases in neutrophil migration, and longer persistence of primary granule release than were seen in foals....
Growth kinetics of equine respiratory tract viruses in cell and organ cultures. Growth kinetics of equine influenza virus-A1, equine herpesvirus-1, and equine rhinovirus-1 were determined in susceptible cell monolayers and in organ cultures of equine fetal tracheal and nasal turbinate epithelium. Equine influenza virus-A1 was replicated in cell and organ cultures and was released more readily and for longer periods from nasal turbinate epithelium than from tracheal epithelium. Equine herpesvirus-1 was also replicated in cell and organ cultures. During the first 24 hours after inoculation, equine herpesvirus-1 was released more readily from tracheal epithelium than from na...
The effect of racetrack design on gait symmetry of the pacer. A survey of a western Canadian racetrack determined the superelevation and transition curves to be less than the cited design standards. High-speed cinematography was used to film seven Standardbred pacers as they proceeded around one curve of the track at racing speed and for each horse 19 temporal stride parameters were obtained from these films using a film analyzer system. Average velocities were calculated and the mean stride length was found to vary from 5.08 m to 5.77 m. In all frames analyzed the hind foot was observed to contact the track surface prior to the ipsilateral forefoot and ...
Effect of tyrosine modification on the biological and immunological properties of equine chorionic gonadotropin. The tyrosine residues of equine chorionic gonadotropin have been nitrated with tetranitromethane and the resulting effects on the biological and immunological activities of the hormone studied. All of the tyrosine residues in equine chorionic gonadotropin were found to react with tetranitromethane when a 100-fold molar excess of reagent was used or with an 8.6 molar excess in the presence of 5 M guanidine hydrochloride. Complete nitration abolished the biological activities and decreased the immunological activity of the hormone. The nitration of one tyrosine residue resulted in the loss of 70...
Isolation and partial characterization of bovine and equine factor D. Bovine and equine factor D were purified to apparent homogeneity as evidenced by a single protein staining band on 7.5-17.5% SDS-PAGE slab gels under both reducing and non-reducing conditions. An apparent mol. wt of 15,000 for bovine D and 22,500 for equine D were noted after SDS-PAGE gel analysis of both reduced and non-reduced preparations. A single polypeptide chain for both proteins was evidenced by the lack of any change in the electrophoretic mobility under each of these conditions. The bovine and equine D were enriched 3347- and 9447-fold, with a 20 and 29% yield of hemolytic activity, ...
Inspiratory airway CO2 loading in the pony. To determine if CO2-sensitive airway receptors are important in the control of breathing, CO2 was preferentially loaded into the respiratory airways in conscious ponies. The technique involved adding small amounts of 100% CO2 to either the latter one-third or latter two-thirds of the inspiratory air in an attempt to raise CO2 concentrations in the airway dead space independent of the arterial blood. Arterial blood gas tensions (PCO2 and PO2) and pH, as well as respiratory output (minute volume, tidal volume, and respiratory rate), were measured in a series of 20 experiments on 5 awake ponies. ...
Evaluation of ivermectin against later fourth-stage Strongylus vulgaris in ponies at two and five weeks after treatment. The efficacy of ivermectin against later fourth-stage Strongylus vulgaris larvae was studied in pony foals at 14 and 35 days after treatment. These foals had been reared parasite-free, inoculated with 500 infective larvae and 56 days later given either ivermectin at 200 micrograms/kg or a placebo intramuscularly. At necropsy, foals were examined for lesions and larvae grossly and histologically. Ivermectin was found to be highly effective (98.6%) against later fourth-stage larvae in five foals which were examined at 35 days after treatment, but not in five others examined at 14 days (72.5%). I...
Effect of Rhodococcus equi on equine polymorphonuclear leukocyte function. A procedure was developed for isolating large numbers of purified polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) from the peripheral blood of horses. Equine PMN function was evaluated by three procedures: 1) Staphylococcus aureus ingestion, 2) nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, and 3) iodination. Four preparations of R. equi were added to polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in each test system. Live bacteria, heat-killed bacteria, the washed pellet from heat-killed bacteria, and the supernatant fluid from heat-killed bacteria were evaluated for effects on equine PMN function. None of the R. equi preparatio...
Streptococcus durans: an unexpected enteropathogen of foals. Streptococcus durans was isolated from a foal with profuse watery diarrhea and caused a similar syndrome when inoculated into foals via the orogastric route. The most consistent and striking histological feature was the extensive colonization of the mucosal surface of the small intestine by S. durans. Associated mucosal changes were mild to modeate, and brush border lactase and alkaline phosphatase production were depressed. S. durans also induced acute diarrhea in young gnotobiotic piglets. Mucosal changes were mild and, as with foals, the mucosal surface of the small intestine was colonized ...
