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Topic:Veterinary Research
Veterinary research in horses encompasses the study of diseases, health management, and medical treatments specific to equine species. This field investigates various aspects of horse health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions. Researchers focus on understanding the pathophysiology of equine ailments, developing diagnostic tools, and evaluating therapeutic interventions. The study of horse health also involves examining preventive measures such as vaccination protocols and nutritional management to promote overall well-being. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse areas of veterinary science related to horses, providing insights into disease mechanisms, treatment strategies, and advancements in equine healthcare.
Studies on prolactin: conformational comparison of human, equine, and porcine pituitary prolactins. The conformations of human, equine, and porcine pituitary prolactins, as evidenced by various optical properties, have been compared. The alpha-helix contents of all three proteins are essentially identical to each other (60 +/- 5%), as well as to prolactins isolated from other mammalian species. Direct absorption (zero and second-order), difference absorption, fluorescence emission, and circular dichroism spectra suggest that the majority of tyrosine and tryptophan side chains in these three proteins exist in very similar microenvironments within the folded forms of the hormones. Thus, the ge...
[Leptospirosis on the Island of Reunion. II. Animal leptospiroses]. Bovine leptospirosis is a typical form in the island of Reunion. It appears during the second part of the rain season. The clinical picture of equine leptospirosis is acute hepatonephritis. About 10 serogroups are found in bovines, with greater frequency for Sejroë and Hebdomadis. In horses, the prevailing serogroups are Autumnalis, Ballum, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Australis, Grippotyphosa.
Effectiveness of fenbendazole against later 4th-stage Strongylus vulgaris in ponies. Twelve pony foals (reared worm-free) were inoculated with Strongylus vulgaris. Approximately 8 weeks later, 4 of the foals were given fenbendazole (10% suspension) at a dosage rate of 10 mg/kg of body weight daily for 5 days and 4 foals were given the suspension at a dosage rate of 50 mg/kg daily for 3 days; the remaining foals were given a placebo. All treatments were administered by stomach tube. Fenbendazole was 99.6 and 97.9% effective in the 2 treatment groups, respectively, in eliminating later 4th-stage S vulgaris larvae located near the origin of major intestinal arteries. On microscop...
[Antiluteolytic activity of embryos in various animal species]. In mare, sheep and bitch the action of PGF2 alpha have been studied in the early pregnancy. Prostin F2 alpha (Upjohn) and Gabbrostim (Vetem ) are commercial names of PGF2 alpha used at doses which are luteolytic in the non pregnant female. Seric progesterone showed a temporaneous decrease but after four or five days the initial values were restored and none of the experimental females aborted. In the opinion of authors, embryo per se and/or with its adnexa might have interacted blocking the mechanism of luteolysis induced by the administration of PGF2 alpha.
Saprophytic fungi isolated from the hair of domestic and laboratory animals with suspected dermatophytosis. Hair samples from domestic and laboratory animals with suspected dermatophytosis were examined for the presence of saprophytic fungi. A nutritionally poor base medium, developed by the author, was used in the isolation and identification of the saprophytes. Three hundred and ninety-four specimens were examined of which 246 were from dogs, 75 from cats, 30 from horses, 19 from cows, 12 from guinea pigs, 5 from rats, 2 from parakeets, 2 from chinchillas and one each from a goat, a mink and a lesser panda (Ailurus fulgens). Moulds classified in 32 genera were isolated. The commonest in order of f...
Disseminated intravascular coagulation in six horses. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was diagnosed as a secondary disease in 6 horses. Four horses had localized and/or systemic sepsis, one horse had disseminated neoplasia, and one had idiopathic ulcerative enteropathy. The diagnosis of DIC was based on the finding of at least 3 of 4 abnormalities: thrombocytopenia, prolonged prothrombin time, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, and a high concentration of fibrinolytic degradation products. The most common clinical signs other than those attributable to the primary disease process were abnormal hemorrhage (4 hours) and v...
Mechanical properties of equine hoof wall tissue. The mechanical properties of pigmented equine hoof wall tissue were determined for samples taken from the inner and outer portions of the stratum medium of the toe. Two properties, the modulus of elasticity and proportional limit, which are measures of the rigidity and yield point, respectively, of the tissue, were studied for samples compressed in 3 orthogonal directions. All samples tested were anisotropic. Inner wall samples were less rigid and had a lower yield point than outer wall samples.
Horse red blood cells frozen with 20% (w/v) glycerol and stored at -150 C for five years. When equine RBC were frozen with 20% (w/v) glycerol and stored at -150 C for as long as 5 years, there were no adverse effects on freeze-thaw or freeze-thaw-wash recovery or oxygen transport function. The manner in which the glycerol was added to, and removed from, the equine RBC was shown to be an important consideration in ensuring optimal freeze-thaw-wash recovery values.
Phloroglucinol microassay for plasma xylose in dogs and horses. The phloroglucinol microassay technique for measuring plasma concentrations of xylose was compared with the more tedious orcinolferric chloride technique. Sequential blood samples were collected from 5 dogs and 6 horses every 30 minutes after oral administration of 0.5 g of D-xylose/kg of body weight. Comparison of the results by regression analysis shows a highly significant (P less than 0.01) positive linear correlation for both dogs (r = 0.95) and horses (r = 0.77). These results indicate that xylose in canine and equine plasma can be accurately measured by the phloroglucinol technique.
Granules of blood eosinophils are stained directly by anti-immunoglobulin fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugates. Direct staining of the granules of blood eosinophils by anti-immunoglobulin fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugates was observed when feline blood smears were tested for presence of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) antigen by immunofluorescent antibody. When blood smears of other species including swine, horses, cattle, dogs, sheep, birds, and human beings were examined, direct staining of eosinophils by FITC conjugates was also detected. This FITC staining was restricted to eosinophils and was not observed in neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets. Direct FITC staining of eosinophils does n...
Intra- and interspecific embryo transfer. The procedures that are collectively referred to as embryo transfer (ET) have many uses. They were first used as research tools to study fetal-maternal physiology. Since the first successful mammalian embryo transfer in 1890, ET has been utilized for enhancement of genetic selection; diagnosis and treatment of infertility; control of infectious disease transmission; screening for genetic defects; propagation of rare and endangered species; and the study of developmental biology. Most of the embryo transfers have been intraspecific. A listing of the species includes rabbit, rat, sheep, mouse, g...
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of histidines in horse carbonic anhydrase I. The 250 MHz 1H-NMR spectrum of horse carbonic anhydrase I (or B) (carbonate hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.1) was measured as a function of pH under various conditions. Eight resonances corresponding to histidine C-2 protons and four resonances corresponding to histidine C-4 protons were identified and assigned to individual histidine residues in the enzyme molecule. Substantial similarities between horse and human carbonic anhydrases I were demonstrated. While the human enzyme has three titratable histidine residues in its active site, the horse enzyme has only two, His-67 in the human enzyme being re...
Modulation of equine platelet function by diethylcarbamazine (DEC). Equine platelets, when treated with the anthelmintic drug diethylcarbamazine (DEC), gave a dose-dependent release of radiolabeled serotonin without concomitant aggregation. At levels of the drug that gave only minimal release of radiolabel, marked dose-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation to three of four platelet agonists tested--adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, and arachidonic acid--was observed. With ADP, inhibition was observed to be reversed by removal of DEC prior to agonist challenge. However, with collagen, inhibition was only partially reduced by prior removal of DEC; wh...
SEM study of Strongylus vulgaris larva-induced arteritis in the pony. This paper describes the histological and scanning electron microscopical examinations of the right colic artery of eight ponies. Lesions all had large thrombi surrounding a larva or larvae, with arterial wall thickening. Endothelial shape change, degeneration and loss were present. Fibrin-platelet red blood cell aggregates were present on endothelial surfaces as well as on the surface of thrombi. Damage to the intima appeared to produce the conditions for progressive thrombus formation.
Follicle stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone and progesterone concentrations in the blood of thoroughbred mares exhibiting single and twin ovulations. The concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone and progesterone were measured in serial blood samples taken throughout one or more oestrous cycles from 12 Thoroughbred mares, some of which exhibited single and others twin ovulations. The resulting profiles clearly demonstrated that no simple relationship exists between circulating gonadotrophin levels and subsequent ovulation rate in the mare. However, plasma progesterone concentrations during dioestrus are, as expected, higher following twin than single ovulations. The findings suggest that the underlying cause of twi...
Palatal myositis in horses with dorsal displacement of the soft palate. The histologic and histochemical features of palatine muscles from 53 horses were studied; 25 of the horses were racehorses that had upper airway obstruction associated with dorsal displacement of the soft palate and 28 of the horses did not have any respiratory disorders and served as controls. Pathologic features observed included myonecrosis, phagocytosis, mononuclear cell infiltration of perimysial connective tissue, alkaline phosphatase-positive myofibers, and myofibers with cytoarchitectural changes that included irregular staining of the intermyofibrillar sarcoplasm and sarcoplasmic mas...
Giant cell tumor of soft parts in six horses. Giant cell tumor of soft parts was diagnosed in 6 horses 3 to 12 years old (mean, 6.8 +/- 3.5 years): 3 Quarter Horse geldings, 2 Standardbred mares, and 1 Standardbred stallion. The neoplasms developed as raised, solitary masses, approximately 1 to 4 cm in diameter, which were firmly attached to subcutaneous tissue of the neck (1 horse), shoulder (1 horse), thigh (2 horses), or stifle (2 horses). Excision was followed by local recurrence in 3 horses within 1 to 1 1/2 months. The neoplasms were firm and cut with resistance. On cut surface, they were white, with mottled red hemorrhagic areas.
Observational study of “urine testing” in the horse and donkey stallion. Although "urine testing" is said to enable the male equid to assess the sexual status of the mare, there are no reports in the literature of any detailed study of this behavioural response of the stallion. Behavioural response to conspecific urine was studied in two horse stallions and one donkey stallion. The relevant nasopalatine anatomy is described. Events observed during urine testing included head, neck, lip, jaw, tongue movements, penile changes and nasal secretion. Nasal endoscopy indicated that the source of part of the nasal secretion was the secretory glands of the vomeronasal organ...
Use of an autogenous cancellous bone graft in the treatment of subchondral bone cysts in the medial femoral condyle of the horse. The clinical features, diagnosis and radiological findings of eight cases of a subchondral bone cyst involving the medial condyle of the femur are described. Surgical treatment, which comprised performing an arthrotomy of the femorotibial joint, curetting and packing the cystic cavity with an autogenous cancellous bone graft, is described.
