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Topic:Veterinary Research
Veterinary research in horses encompasses the study of diseases, health management, and medical treatments specific to equine species. This field investigates various aspects of horse health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions. Researchers focus on understanding the pathophysiology of equine ailments, developing diagnostic tools, and evaluating therapeutic interventions. The study of horse health also involves examining preventive measures such as vaccination protocols and nutritional management to promote overall well-being. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse areas of veterinary science related to horses, providing insights into disease mechanisms, treatment strategies, and advancements in equine healthcare.
Equine locomotion; 1. The analysis of linear and temporal stride characteristics of trotting standardbreds. The movements of the individual limbs of 30 clinically sound Standardbred trotters were studied using high-speed cinematography. At a speed of 12 metres per second (m/sec; 1:23.6 min/km) the mean stride length was 545 cm and the mean duration of the stride was 455 milliseconds (msecs). The stance phase in the forelimbs was 100 msecs and 177 msecs in the hindlimbs. This difference was due to a longer restraint period in the hindlimbs and resulted in slightly shorter swing phases for the hindlimbs. The variations in any particular horse for stride length and for the duration of stride, stance, s...
Effect of hyaluronic acid in naturally occurring and experimentally induced osteoarthritis. Effect of intraarticular injections of hyaluronic acid was evaluated in two groups of horses, using force plates to assess quantitatively the degree of lameness observed. In six horses, chip fractures were created surgically on the dorsomedial aspects of both radial carpal bones. After the horses were trained for 30 days, 40 mg of hyaluronic acid was injected intraarticularly into the limb showing the greater degree of lameness. Horses were worked for 2 more weeks and then were evaluated. A highly significant (P less than 0.01) increase in weight bearing on the treated limb was observed. Ten h...
In vitro fermentation of feces from normal and chronically diarrheal horses. Feces from 13 healthy horses and 8 horses with chronic diarrhea were subjected to an in vetro fermentation procedure that had been developed for rumen fluid. Fermentations were conducted over 6 hours in a closed system, with and without an essential amino acid (EAA) mixture being added to the basic starch-buffer medium. The addition of EAA caused no significant difference in results of fermentation of feces from healthy horses. For diarrheic animals, there was a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in gas and total volatile fatty acids production whether EAA were present or not, and alpha-a...
Negative contrast electron microscopic techniques for diagnosis of viruses of veterinary importance. Negative contrast electron microscopy (NCEM) was utilized as a routine tool in the diagnosis of viral infections of domestic and wild animals. Viruses identified by this technique were observed in infected culture systems or clinical specimens from several species including horses, cattle, sheep, dogs, cats, pigs, deer, Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep, antelope, and several avian species. Viruses were identified by NCEM based on their size, morphology, and symmetry and consisted of adenoviruses, herpesviruses, paramyxoviruses, myxoviruses, picornaviruses, parvoviruses, coronaviruses, reoviruses, ...
The immunological approach to pregnancy diagnosis: a review. The developing embryo/fetus bears antigens which are foreign to the mother and it could be expected that immune rejection of the conceptus would occur. One of the reasons why the fetus is not rejected is because a depression of the maternal immune response takes place during pregnancy. Serum from pregnant animals of several species has been shown to contain a factor, early pregnancy factor (EPF), which is immunosuppressive. EPF has been detected as early as six hours after mating and its detection could aid diagnosis of early pregnancy in all species.
Purification by affinity chromatography and characterization of a neutral alpha-glucosidase from horse kidney. A horse kidney neutral alpha-D-glucosidase (alpha-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.20) was purified about 580-fold with a yield of 33% by an affinity chromatography technique using the p-aminophenyl-beta-D-maltoside, a substrate derivative, as ligand. The purified enzyme, homogeneous in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 280 000 as calculated by gel filtration and its isoelectric focusing points was found to be pH 4.1. The purified enzyme was able to hydrolyze various substrates having (alpha-1,2), (alpha-1,3), (alpha-1,4), and (alpha-1,6) glu...
Equine perinatal disease due to Salmonella anatum. This study explores a rare case where an equine disease was found to be caused by Salmonella anatum, an organism typically associated with cattle, in a week-old foal and its […]
Urinary excretion of arsenic from horses injected with an organic arsenical compound. Five doses of sodium cacodylate (194 mg) were administered intravenously to two horses at two-day intervals. The arsenic content of daily urine samples was determined for five days after the final dose, by which time urinary arsenic concentrations were close to those of control samples. It was considered that these results reflected a common property of organic arsenicals viz. more rapid excretion by mammals than is the case with inorganic arsenic compounds.
Evaluation of the double immunodiffusion test for the diagnosis of louping ill infection. The usefulness of the double immunodiffusion test for the diagnosis of louping ill infection was investigated. Whereas louping ill viral antigen was not detected in brain material from field cases of the infection, its presence was readily confirmed in suckling mouse brain isolates of the virus. The double immunodiffusion test was found to be unreliable as a serological test for the retrospective diagnosis of louping ill infection in the horse.
The anthelmintic activity and toxicity of 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (dichlorvos) in equines. Dichlorvos in a special slow release formulation at 31 mg/kg body mass in equines was highly effective against all adult strongyles and Oxyuris equi, Parascaris equorum, Probstmayria vivipara and bots of Gasterophilus spp. It has no effect on 4th stage larvae of Trichonema ssp. nor the stomach worms Draschia megastoma and Habronema spp. Doses of dichlorovos 10 and 20 times the therapeutic dose (310 and 620 mg/kg body mass) caused transient clinical signs but these disappeared 96 hours after dosing.
Histiolymphocytic lymphosarcoma in the subcutis of two horses. Two aged mares with histiolymphocytic lymphosarcoma had multiple rapidly proliferating tumours in the subcutis. Consistent haematological changes were absent. One mare had lymph node involvement but no neoplastic lesions in the viscera. Microbiological examination of tumour tissue showed coryneform bacteria; there was no evidence of C-type or lytic viruses or of reverse transcriptase. Prominent intramitochondrial crystalline inclusions were in histiocytic tumour cells.
Electrocardiography in the horse. (A report of findings in 138 horses). Over a period of approx. 3 years, electrocardiograms (ECG) were recorded from 138 horses referred as patients to the Medical Clinic. Of these, 22 horses (approx. 16 per cent) has ECG alterations. The 22 ECG's revealed a total of 29 ECG abnormalities. The most frequent ECG alteration was incomplete AV block, that was seen in 9 horses (31 per cent of the ECG abnormalities). Abnormal (i.e. broad, tent-like and, sometimes, inverted) T waves and deviations of the ST segment were seen each in 5 ECG's from 7 horses, 3 of which had both abnormalities which were associated with severe underlying diseas...
Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in the horse. The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin were studied in six healthy mature horses of mixed breeding and of both sexes. A parenteral preparation of gentamicin sulfate (5% aqueous solution) was administered rapidly (IV) at the dosage level of 5 mg/kg of body weight. Venous blood samples were taken at 0 (base line), 0.083, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after gentamicin administration. Serum gentamicin was measured by a radioimmunoassay technique. The gentamicin concentration data was fitted to a one- and two-compartment open model with first-order elimination from ...
A perspective on forage production in Canada. Over the past decade, the cattle industry has experienced practically a full circle. With the promising beef prices in the early 1970s, with the glut of grain and a generous assist from government incentive programs, the forage acreage and cattle population have increased at a record rate. By 1974, the tide began to turn - grain prices went up sharply and beef prices became sluggish - and by 1976 a major crisis faced the producers. The cattle industry which had been developing on a cheap grain economy was now obliged to rely more on forage for its survival. Unfortunately, the forage was not ex...
Induction of abortion in mares with equimate: effect on secretion of progesterone, PMSG and reproductive performance. Thirty-two light-horse mares were confirmed to be pregnant and assigned to one of four treatments: (1) injected with 250 micrograms of Equimate on day 70 and again on day 77 if abortion had not occurred; (2) injected with 250 micrograms of Equimate on day 70 and every 24 hr until abortion occurred (maximum four injections); (3) injected with 250 micrograms of Equimate on day 70 and every 12 hr until abortion (maximum eight injections); and (4) injected with 250 micrograms of Equimate once only on day 35 of gestation. Mares were observed four times daily for incidence of abortion or side effect...
Water hardness in relation to cadium accumulation and microscopic signs of cardiovascular disease in horses. The hardness of drinking water (i.e., the sum of calcium and magnesium concentrations) has been related to cadmium concentration in kidney cortex and to microscopic signs of arteriosclerosis and focal myocardial fibrosis in 50 Swedish horses slaughtered for meat production. A significant negative correlation was found between water hardness and cadmium concentrations in kidney cortex. This indicates that horses living in soft water areas are more inclined to accumulate cadmium from the general environment. Microscopic changes in the aorta and myocardium were approximately 2 times as frequent i...
