Veterinary research in horses encompasses the study of diseases, health management, and medical treatments specific to equine species. This field investigates various aspects of horse health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions. Researchers focus on understanding the pathophysiology of equine ailments, developing diagnostic tools, and evaluating therapeutic interventions. The study of horse health also involves examining preventive measures such as vaccination protocols and nutritional management to promote overall well-being. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse areas of veterinary science related to horses, providing insights into disease mechanisms, treatment strategies, and advancements in equine healthcare.
Ellis PM.An accurate modified auscultatory technique for the indirect measurement of arterial pressure in the horse is described. Limitations of the method were sensitivity to external motion in nervous, conscious horses, and the failure to detect Korotkoff sounds in shocked, anaesthetized surgical cases. The apparatus required for the method is expensive and is probably impractical for routine monitoring during anaesthesia.
Johnson JE, Ryan GD.Soft tissue lesions are often secondary to equine carpal injury. The clinical and pathological nature of soft tissue changes following carpal trauma are varied. This report describes a case of intersynovial fistula between the radial carpal joint and the common digital extensor tendon sheath. The differential diagnosis and pathological features of equine soft tissue carpal injuries are discussed.
Courtot D, Roux L, Mouthon G, Jeanin E.Doping with tranquilizers has appeared recently in horse-back riding sports. In this paper we study the effects of acepromazine, one of the main tranquilizers used, on various physiological and biochemical aspects of muscular activity (cardiac and respiratory rhythms, seric rates of glucose, urea, protein, creatine phosphokinase, glutamate oxalacetate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase). A low dose (0.02 mg/kg) of acepromazine is injected; the evolution of the variables is studied before and after a standardized effort. After the effort and during recuperation, acepromazine administration caus...
Krook L, Whalen JP, Lesser GV, Berens DL.Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (NSH) defines a spontaneous and experimental disease in most domesticated and in some wild animals, caused by dietary calcium deficiency and/or phosphorus excess. Calcium deficiency results directly in hypocalcemia, and phosphorus excess induces hyperphosphatemia which causes hypocalcemia. Secondary hyperparathyroidism thus results and the plasma parameters return to normal and are maintained but only at the expense of progressive bone loss. The bone loss is generalized but the bones are not uniformly affected. The hierarchy of bone loss is, in decreas...
Blackmore DJ, Elton D.This paper records the concentrations of aspartate amino transferase (A.A.T.), creatine kinase (C.P.K.), sorbitol dehydrogenase (S.D.H.), alpha-hydroxybuturate dehydrogenase (alpha-H.B.D.) and alkaline phosphatase (A.P.) activity observed in the sera of Thoroughbred horses in the United Kingdom, at rest and during training. The methods of analysis have been selected to achieve the optimum precision when used for horse serum. During training A.A.T., C.P.K. and alpha-H.B.D. are related and demonstrate intermittent periods of increasing activity. S.D.H. remains unchanged but demonstrates increase...
Osz E, Réthy L.The authors have compared the anaphylaxis due to active and passive sensitization of mice. In the case of active sensitizing, anti-mouse anti-thymocyte horse serum (ATS), and/or normal horse serum (NHS), whereas in the case of passive sensitizing, plasma, peripheral leukocytes, spleen cells and thymocytes of sensitized animals were used. Provocation of shock was carried out by intravenous administration of ATS or NHS. Irreversible anaphylaxis occurred in a significantly higher rate in the case of ATS than NHS sensitivity, produced either actively, or passively. Differences have been found also...
Kozhukharova L.Studied was the antigenic relatedness of hyaluronidase contained in the semen of breeder animals of homologic and heterologic species. The experiments were carried out by means of the immunodiffusion and the immunoelectrophoretic methods. The results obtained showed that the seminal hyaluronidase of bulls, rams and bucks is antigenically related, and that of stallions, boars and rabbits does not exhibit antigenic relatedness. Stallion semen is closely related antigenically with the above-mentioned three animal species' semen as manifested by two precipitation bands, but these are not identical...
Brook D.A case of what can be presumed to be secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism, due to high phosphorus diet, in a six year old pony is discussed. The findings are compared to those found when the disease occurs in young growing horses.
Allen PZ, Dalton EJ.Donkey IgGa was isolated in purified form from normal and immune donkey sera by column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Isolated donkey IgGa and mixtures of (IgGa+IgGb) were used as antigens to prepare rabbit reagents specific for equine IgGa or IgGb. Antibodies present in sera obtained from a single donkey at various times during the course of hyperimmunization with BSA were isolated by immuno-adsorption. The class or subclass of immunoglobulins present among isolated, donkey anti-BSA antibodies was determined by use of specific rabbit anti-equine immunoglobulin reagents. The homologues of h...
Courtot D, Mouthon G, Roux L, Jeanin E.The practise of repeated doping of the sport horse led us to examine its effects on the health of the animal, and particularly on muscular activity. The main doping agent used at present (acepromazine) has already been studied (COURTOT et al., 1974). In this paper, we study the secondary effects of diazepam, a derivative of the benzodiazepine series, which is being used more and more frequently on horses. In treated animals as compared to controls, we observe: -- a slight respiratory depression related solely to effort, -- an increase in seric creatine phosphokinase rate with no apparent relat...
Nanda BS, Getty R.The consistent presence of the caroticobasilar artery was observed and discussed in view of the anatomical normalities in the horse. The persistence of the above vessel was correlated with the developmental changes in the cranial and cerebral arteries.
Platt H.A series of 10 haemorrhagic polyps of the equine nasal cavity is described. The lesions show haematoma formation, abundant haemosiderin in macrophages and giant cells, and organising fibrous tissue. In one case, angiomatoid lesions were observed in the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses and it is suggested that some haemorrhagic nasal polyps may originate from pre-existing haemangiomatous areas in the respiratory mucosa.
Sudia WD, Fernandez L, Newhouse VF, Sanz R, Calisher CH.Virus vector studies were conducted in the States of Durango, Chihuahua, and Tamaulipas, Mexico, in June and July 1972. Apparently only a low level of Venzuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus transmission to equines occured at the time of the study, and the infection was restricted to areas which had not experienced overt activity during the preceding year. The low level of infection was associated with a scarcity of mosquitoes. The IB (epidemic) strain of VEE virus was isolated from two pools of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (Theo.) and the blood of one symptomatic equine. The low mosquito po...
Brumbaugh GW, Thomas WP, Hodge TG.A 4-year-old Quarter Horse gelding with atrial fibrillation, mitral regurgitation, and signs of bilateral congestive heart failure was initially treated IV with digoxin and furosemide. After parenteral digitalization, a daily maintenance dose of digoxin was administered orally at a rate of 21.7 micrograms/kg of body weight. At this dosage, a steady-state serum digoxin concentration of 2.3 ng/ml was achieved without clinical signs of toxicosis. The furosemide dosage was decreased and eventually discontinued as clinical improvement occurred. Clinical signs of congestive heart failure were contro...
van der Velden MA, Schuitemaker EA.The aetiology, clinical symptoms and treatment of equine periodic ophthalmia are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the possible role in aetiology of Onchocerca cervicalis microfilariae. Corticosteroids and atropine are the most important therapeutic drugs.
Battut I, Bézard J, Palmer E.A culture for equine oviduct epithelial cells is described. Primary cultures reached confluence in 5-8 days, forming a monolayer of polygonal cells and remaining morphologically intact for about 20 days. Subcultures were obtained by collecting cells detached spontaneously from the monolayers, and confluence was reached again after 5-7 days. Cells frozen before primary culture were confluent 10-15 days after thawing. Dishes containing confluent cells also were frozen, and some cohesive monolayers formed after thawing. Equine embryos, collected 2 days after ovulation, were cultured alone or with...
Boero MJ, Schneider JE, Mosier JE, Guffy MM, Butler HC, Leipold HW.A 1 cm defect was created in the proximal medial cortex of 12 tibiae, cancellous bone was removed from the site, and the bones were fractured by loading in torsion. The fractures did not occur through the donor sites and the fracture patterns and loads to fracture were similar for the treated tibiae and their untreated mates. Cancellous bone was harvested from the proximal medial aspect of both tibiae in nine adult horses. The soft tissue wounds were monitored for more than 10 days in seven horses and healing of the osseous defects was evaluated radiographically at regular intervals to month 6...
da Gracca Macoris D, Bertone A.The study of the influence of motion and initial intra-articular pressure (IAP) on intra-articular pressure profiles in equine cadaver metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints was undertaken as a prelude to in vivo studies. Eleven equine cadaver MTP joints were submitted to 2 motion frequencies of 5 and 10 cycles/min of flexion and extension, simulating the condition of lower and higher (double) rates of passive motion. These frequencies were applied and pressure profiles generated with initial normal intra-articular pressure (-5 mmHg) and subsequently 30 mmHg intra-articular pressure obtained by inje...
Mischke R, Junker J, Deegen E.The sensitivity of commercial prothrombin time (PT) tests was assessed based on a dilution series of equine pooled plasma (EPP) (experiment 1) and on 40 equine plasma samples with reduced activity of coagulation factors II, V, VII and X (experiment 2). Two different PT reagents (reagent 1, human placental thromboplastin; reagent 2, recombinant human tissue factor) were used according to the manufacturers' instructions (standard test, PT([ST])) and compared to a modified test procedure (modified test, PT([MT])) using sample dilution and fibrinogen addition. In all samples, sensitivity was lower...
Greenaway EC, Sepulveda MF, Cunningham FM, Goode NT.Eosinophils have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the seasonal equine allergic skin disease, sweet itch. Protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in regulating eosinophil function and antigen challenge has been reported to alter PKC isotype expression in blood eosinophils from allergic human subjects. Here we have compared the pattern of PKC isotype expression in eosinophils from sweet itch ponies with that in cells from normal ponies both during the active and inactive phases of the disease. A role for PKC in histamine-induced eosinophil activation was also investigated. Conventional PKCs alp...
Bai Y, Tong TG, Zhang WJ, Xu SL, Wang Q, Liu GL, Wu DL.To develop a quantitative ELISA by measuring interferon (IFN-gamma) of equine lymphocytes. Methods: Sandwich ELISA for equine IFN-gamma was developed using mAb A5 as a capture antibody and biotinylated mAb SB10 as a detection antibody. Results: The detection limit of the sandwich ELISA for equine IFN-gamma was 1 microg/L and did not show cross-reactivity with recombinant equine IL-18. Equine IFN-gamma was detected by ELISA in culture medium of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with ConA or PMA/Ionomycin. Conclusions: This method can be used to help understand the role o...
Brumbaugh GW, Thomas WP, Enos LR, Kaneko JJ.Digoxin was administered orally and intravenously to seven healthy adult mares and geldings in two separate trials. At a dose of 44 microgram digoxin/kg body weight, the oral study was characterized by an absorption phase with a mean (+/- 1 standard deviation) peak serum digoxin concentration of 2.21 ng/ml (+/- 0.45) at a mean of 2.29 h (+/- 1.52) after administration. A second rise in serum digoxin concentration started about 6-8 h after administration and extended to about 20 h after administration. The mean bioavailability (F) was 23.38% (+/- 5.96). At a dose of 22 microgram digoxin/kg body...
Mageed M, Wegert J, Dyab S, Gerlach K.This prospective, cross-sectional, pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of furosemide as a diuretic on the image quality of bone scintigraphy performed using Tc-HDP and to investigate the impact of furosemide on the radiation dose rate. Thirty-one horses undergoing bone scintigraphy were included. The horses were divided into the control (n = 14) and furosemide group (n = 17), which received 1 mg/kg furosemide intravenously 1 h post Tc-HDP administration. The image quality was assessed subjectively and semi-quantitatively. The bone-to-soft tissue (B:S) ratio was calculated from...
Adeyefa CA.The clinicopathological features and treatment of cases of dermatomycotic infections in horses are reported. Organisms isolated from these cases include Trichophyton mentagrophyte, T. equinum and Micosporum equinum. The Veterinary, medical and economic importance of the disease is discussed.
