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Topic:Veterinary Science
Veterinary science and horses encompass the study and application of medical, surgical, and therapeutic practices to maintain and improve the health and welfare of equines. This field addresses a wide range of topics, including disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, as well as nutrition, reproduction, and behavior. Research in veterinary science for horses often involves understanding the pathophysiology of equine-specific diseases, developing advanced diagnostic techniques, and improving treatment protocols. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of veterinary science related to horses, providing insights into the latest advancements and methodologies in equine healthcare.
Ground reaction force patterns of Dutch Warmblood horses at normal walk. The ground reaction force patterns from 20 clinically sound Dutch Warmblood horses (Group A) were recorded at the normal walk. The data from four to 10 stance phases of each limb were computer averaged after normalisation to the animal's body mass and to the stance time. This analysis method allowed comparison of data from left and right fore- and hindlimbs within and between horses. The left-to-right symmetry in the reaction force peaks of contralateral limbs of one horse exceeded 90 per cent. The time in the stance phase at which the peaks occur were even more symmetrically distributed. A ch...
Effect of controlled exercise on libido in 2-yr-old stallions. Eight sexually inexperienced, 2-yr-old Morgan stallions were used in a consecutive two-phase design with two groups of four stallions each. Each phase lasted 16 wk, with semen collections every 14 d. Libido scores were assigned to stallions during each semen collection. Scores ranged from zero to four, with zero indicating minimum and four representing maximum libido. In Phase 1, four stallions received daily forced exercise for 16 wk, and the remaining four stallions were confined to box stalls. In Phase 2, the previously exercised stallions were confined to box stalls, and the non-exercised ...
An unusual pattern of Na+ and K+ movements across the horse erythrocyte membrane. Marked differences in the activities of three monovalent cation transport systems in horse versus human erythrocytes are reported. Whereas horse erythrocytes exhibit a 6-fold higher sodium-lithium countertransport, the unidirectional flux of potassium through the sodium pump is 3-4 times slower and the sodium-potassium cotransport system cannot be detected. In spite of this, horse and human cells are able to maintain similar Na+ and K+ gradients.
General considerations for ultrasound examinations. Patient preparation and restraint, instrumentation, and methods of retaining records of ultrasound images are discussed.
Ultrasound science for the veterinarian. In order to successfully sort out the information, both real and bogus, in an ultrasonic image, one must have a fundamental understanding of the physical and electronic events that produced the image. We have looked at the basic science, signal processing, some case examples of ultrasound science in practice, and some popular illusions. It is a good starting place for the newcomer to ultrasonic imaging.
Lung sounds in cattle, horses, sheep and goats. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the importance of pulmonary auscultation for the clinician. It suggests a clarification and simplification of the terminology to be used which would be helpful to veterinary students and allow better communications between veterinarians. The interpretation of these sounds and the relationships to conditions and diseases of the lungs in cattle, horses, sheep and goats are discussed.
Composition of milk from pony mares fed various levels of digestible energy. Twenty-two pony mares were fed one of three diets that provided 93.0, 74.8 or 57.2 kcal of digestible energy (DE) per kg body weight per day. Milk samples were taken at 14 day intervals. A total of five samples were taken from each mare. The samples were analyzed for total solids, crude protein, lactose, total lipids, ash, calcium and phosphorus. Gross energy was calculated from composition data. Increases in energy intake decreased the concentration of total solids, protein, fat and gross energy of mare's milk. Energy intake had a greater influence on the mare's body condition than on milk en...
J.B. Wolffe memorial lecture. Is the lung built for exercise? In summary, we have shown that the design of the pulmonary system from the architectural capacities of the lung parenchyma and respiratory muscles to the remarkable, multi-level neural integration of breathing pattern and respiratory muscle recruitment is clearly intended for the exercising state. Furthermore, the system shows remarkable capability for true adaptation, both phylogenetically and even within only a few generations within a species, when preservation of the organism's ability to survive and function is at stake. At the same time there are limits to the system's homeostatic capabi...
[Determination of the standard oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve in horses. Effects of temperature, pH and diphosphoglycerate]. The equine blood oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve has been traced in its entirety in standard conditions and the effects of temperature, pH and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate on this curve have been measured. When compared to that of human blood, the curve showed a higher oxygen affinity of hemoglobin (23.8 +/- 0.8 versus 26.6 mm Hg). The effect of the pH, expressed by d log P50/dpH, was found to be identical in man and horse (-0.47). The effect of temperature, however, expressed by d log P50/dT, proved to be lower in the horse (0.016 versus 0.024). The P50 showed an increase of 1 mm Hg each time 2,3-...
Serum concentrations of prolactin, thyroxine and triiodothyronine relative to season and the estrous cycle in the mare. Studies were conducted to characterize circulating concentrations of prolactin, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) relative to season and the estrous cycle, and to evaluate the ability of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) to induce prolactin secretion in the horse mare. The increase in serum prolactin following the iv injection of 0, 5, 50 and 500 micrograms TRH was dose-related, while all three doses of TRH induced a significant and comparable increase in serum T4. Seasonal variations in serum prolactin were directly correlated (P less than .001) with changes in photoperiod (r = .80) ...
Guidelines for the recognition and assessment of pain in animals. Prepared by a working party of the Association of Veterinary Teachers and Research Workers. Despite some views to the contrary the working party of the Association of Veterinary Teachers and Research Workers considers that it has been demonstrated that it is possible to prepare guidelines for the recognition and assessment of pain in experimental animals. The detailed information readily available on species specific signs is limited and it has been particularly difficult to obtain such signs for the smaller mammals and for the non-mammalian species.
Direct demonstration of intrinsic follicle-stimulating hormone receptor-binding activity in acid-treated equine luteinizing hormone. After dissociating equine gonadotropins as a function of time at pH 3, we examined them by radioligand assay and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nondissociating conditions (low, 0.1% SDS). Equine follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) rapidly lost its receptor-binding activity, and low SDS-polyacrylamide gels demonstrated dissociation into subunits. Maximum dissociation occurred after 20-30 min of pH 3 incubation. Equine luteinizing hormone (LH), however, retained most biologic activity and was largely intact after 72 h of pH 3 incubation. Dose-response curves of ac...
Role of conceptus secretory products in establishment of pregnancy. Conceptuses produce steroids, prostaglandins, proteins and possibly other unidentified agents which may play a role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. A key event in this process is protection of the corpus luteum (CL) from the luteolytic activity of prostaglandin (PG) F-2 alpha of uterine origin. Oestrogens produced by the pig conceptuses between Days 11 and 16 appear to exert an antiluteolytic effect resulting in the sequestering of PGF-2 alpha within the uterine lumen. Failure of the pregnant uterus to release PGF-2 alpha in an endocrine fashion, therefore, allows for mainte...
Exercise and the height of horses. The heights of 89 horses were measured at the withers before and after half a furlong of trotting exercise. The mean (+/- sd) height increase after exercise was 1.75 +/- 0.86 cm and the horses returned to their resting height within seven minutes. There was no linear relationship between gain in height and pre-exercise height.
Influence of level of feeding and nutrient content of the concentrate on growth and development of yearling horses. Three experiments using 63 Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse yearlings were conducted to evaluate the influence of level of feeding, and protein and calculated energy content of pelleted concentrates on growth and bone development. Animals were housed in drylot paddocks and individually fed concentrates twice daily. Coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dyctylon) hay was group-fed. Yearlings offered a corn-based concentrate (3.56 Mcal digestible energy [DE]/kg) consumed levels of dry matter similar to yearlings fed a mixed-grain concentrate (3.32 Mcal DE/kg but consumed slightly more digestible energy. N...
