2D versus 3D in the kinematic analysis of the horse at the trot.

The research article reports a comparative study of 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) kinematic analysis of trotting in Lusitano Purebred stallions. The findings highlight significant differences between the two methods, particularly in relation to angular variables and linear variables in leg movements.

Comparison of 2D and 3D Kinematic Analysis

• This research compares 2D and 3D kinematic analysis methods. Kinematic analysis is the process of measuring the motion of points, bodies (like a skeletal structure of a horse), and systems of bodies without considering the forces that cause the motion.
• The study revolves around the trot motion of Lusitano Purebred stallions, a specific breed of horse renowned for its movements.
• The same capture and analysis system was applied for both 2D and 3D data acquisition, ensuring consistent methodology and comparable sets of data.

Data Collected and Variables Analyzed

• Different linear and angular variables were analyzed. Linear variables include stride length and the maximal height of the hoof trajectories – these measure straight-line movement and heights achieved during trotting.
• Angular variables, such as the angular range of motion and inclination of bone segments, relate to the angles at which the bones move and are inclined during trotting.

Statistical Analysis and Differences Found

• The two sets of data – 2D and 3D – were compared using a paired Student T-test, a statistical test designed to determine if there is a significant difference between two groups of data.
• The test results highlighted significant differences between 2D and 3D analysis in terms of angular variables. The differences were found in scapula inclination, shoulder angle, cannon inclination, and protraction-retraction angle in the forelimb variables, but no statistically significant differences were found in the hind limb variables. This suggests that depending on the part of the horse’s body studied, 2D and 3D analysis could deliver varying results.
• The two methods also differed significantly in most of the linear variables analyzed, indicating clear disparities between the data obtained through 2D and 3D kinematic analysis.