FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / PLoS One / A 1D computer model of the arterial circulation in horses: A...
PloS one2019; 14(8); e0221425; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221425

A 1D computer model of the arterial circulation in horses: An important resource for studying global interactions between heart and vessels under normal and pathological conditions.

Abstract: Arterial rupture in horses has been observed during exercise, after phenylephrine administration or during parturition (uterine artery). In human pathophysiological research, the use of computer models for studying arterial hemodynamics and understanding normal and abnormal characteristics of arterial pressure and flow waveforms is very common. The objective of this research was to develop a computer model of the equine arterial circulation, in order to study local intra-arterial pressures and flow dynamics in horses. Morphologically, large differences exist between human and equine aortic arch and arterial branching patterns. Development of the present model was based on post-mortem obtained anatomical data of the arterial tree (arterial lengths, diameters and branching angles); in vivo collected ultrasonographic flow profiles from the common carotid artery, external iliac artery, median artery and aorta; and invasively collected pressure curves from carotid artery and aorta. These data were used as input for a previously validated (in humans) 1D arterial network model. Data on terminal resistance and arterial compliance parameters were tuned to equine physiology. Given the large arterial diameters, Womersley theory was used to compute friction coefficients, and the input into the arterial system was provided via a scaled time-varying elastance model of the left heart. Outcomes showed plausible predictions of pressure and flow waveforms throughout the considered arterial tree. Simulated flow waveform morphology was in line with measured flow profiles. Consideration of gravity further improved model based predicted waveforms. Derived flow waveform patterns could be explained using wave power analysis. The model offers possibilities as a research tool to predict changes in flow profiles and local pressures as a result of strenuous exercise or altered arterial wall properties related to age, breed or gender.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2019-08-21 PubMed ID: 31433827PubMed Central: PMC6703698DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221425Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research focused on building a computer model of a horse’s arterial circulation to better understand dynamics of blood flow and pressure within their arteries. This opens up the prospect of studying the impacts of varying factors such as age, breed, or gender on the arterial system.

Objective of the Research

  • The main objective of the study was to design a computerized model to investigate the dynamics of intra-arterial pressures and flows in horses. This aids the understanding of normal and abnormal characteristics of arterial pressure and flow waveforms.

Methodology

  • Morphological differences between the human and equine aortic arch and arterial branching patterns made it necessary to develop this equine-specific model.
  • The model was built utilizing post-mortem anatomical information (including arterial lengths, diameters and branching angles), ultrasound flow profiles gathered in vivo from the common carotid artery, external iliac artery, median artery and aorta, and invasively collected pressure curves from carotid artery and aorta.
  • This data was incorporated into an established 1D arterial network model, previously validated in humans.
  • Parameters for terminal resistance and arterial compliance were adjusted to fit equine physiology.
  • Womersley theory was applied to calculate friction coefficients considering the large arterial diameters of horses. The input for the arterial system was given via a scaled time-varying elastance model of the left heart.

Key Findings

  • The produced model successfully predicted pressure and flow waveforms within the arterial tree.
  • The model’s predicted flow waveform morphology corresponded with actually measured flow profiles.
  • Gravity consideration further enhanced the accuracy of model-based waveform predictions.
  • The extracted flow waveform patterns could be interpreted via wave power analysis.

Use Case of the Model

  • This model provides a way to predict changes in flow profiles and internal pressures due to strenuous exercise or changes in arterial wall properties related to age, breed, or gender.
  • It offers possibilities as a research tool to study the impacts of specific parameters on equine arterial function.

Cite This Article

APA
Vera L, Campos Arias D, Muylle S, Stergiopulos N, Segers P, van Loon G. (2019). A 1D computer model of the arterial circulation in horses: An important resource for studying global interactions between heart and vessels under normal and pathological conditions. PLoS One, 14(8), e0221425. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221425

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 8
Pages: e0221425
PII: e0221425

Researcher Affiliations

Vera, Lisse
  • Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Dept. of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Campos Arias, Daimé
  • IBiTech-bioMMeda, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
  • Biomechanics and Biomaterials Research Group, CUJAE, Havana, Cuba.
Muylle, Sofie
  • Dept. of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Stergiopulos, Nikos
  • Laboratory of Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Segers, Patrick
  • IBiTech-bioMMeda, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
van Loon, Gunther
  • Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Dept. of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Aorta, Thoracic / pathology
  • Aorta, Thoracic / physiopathology
  • Carotid Artery, Common / pathology
  • Carotid Artery, Common / physiopathology
  • Computer Simulation
  • Hemodynamics
  • Horses
  • Iliac Artery / pathology
  • Iliac Artery / physiopathology
  • Models, Cardiovascular

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

References

This article includes 39 references
  1. Mynard JP, Smolich JJ. One-dimensional haemodynamic modeling and wave dynamics in the entire adult circulation.. Ann Biomed Eng 2015 Jun;43(6):1443-60.
    doi: 10.1007/s10439-015-1313-8pubmed: 25832485google scholar: lookup
  2. Bessems D, Rutten M, Van De Vosse F. A wave propagation model of blood flow in large vessels using an approximate velocity profile function. J Fluid Mech 2007;580:145–68.
    doi: 10.1017/S0022112007005344google scholar: lookup
  3. Stergiopulos N, Young DF, Rogge TR. Computer simulation of arterial flow with applications to arterial and aortic stenoses.. J Biomech 1992 Dec;25(12):1477-88.
    doi: 10.1016/0021-9290(92)90060-Epubmed: 1491023google scholar: lookup
  4. Wemple RR, Mockros LF. Pressure and flow in the systemic arterial system.. J Biomech 1972 Nov;5(6):629-41.
    pubmed: 4665899doi: 10.1016/0021-9290(72)90035-8google scholar: lookup
  5. Vardoulis O, Coppens E, Martin B, Reymond P, Tozzi P, Stergiopulos N. Impact of aortic grafts on arterial pressure: a computational fluid dynamics study.. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2011 Nov;42(5):704-10.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2011.08.006pubmed: 21889370google scholar: lookup
  6. Avolio AP. Multi-branched model of the human arterial system.. Med Biol Eng Comput 1980 Nov;18(6):709-18.
    doi: 10.1007/Bf02441895pubmed: 7230917google scholar: lookup
  7. Sherwin SJ, Franke V, Peiro J, Parker K. One-dimensional modelling of a vascular network in space-time variables. J Eng Math 2003;47(3–4):217–50.
    doi: 10.1023/B:ENGI.0000007979.32871.e2google scholar: lookup
  8. Epstein S, Willemet M, Chowienczyk PJ, Alastruey J. Reducing the number of parameters in 1D arterial blood flow modeling: less is more for patient-specific simulations.. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015 Jul 1;309(1):H222-34.
    doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00857.2014pmc: PMC4491523pubmed: 25888513google scholar: lookup
  9. Dobroserdova T, Simakov S, Gamilov T, Pryamonosov R, Sakharova E. Patient-specific blood flow modelling for medical applications. Matec Web Conf 2016;76.
    doi: 10.1051/matecconf/20167605001google scholar: lookup
  10. Gamilov T, Ivanov Y, Kopylov P, Simakov S, Vassilevski Y. Patient Specific Haemodynamic Modeling after Occlusion Treatment in Leg. Math Model Nat Pheno 2014;9(6):85–97.
    doi: 10.1051/mmnp/20149607google scholar: lookup
  11. Willemet M, Lacroix V, Marchandise E. Validation of a 1D patient-specific model of the arterial hemodynamics in bypassed lower-limbs: simulations against in vivo measurements.. Med Eng Phys 2013 Nov;35(11):1573-83.
    doi: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2013.04.012pubmed: 23701843google scholar: lookup
  12. Ploeg M, Saey V, van Loon G, Delesalle C. Thoracic aortic rupture in horses.. Equine Vet J 2017 May;49(3):269-274.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.12641pubmed: 27783422google scholar: lookup
  13. Ploeg M, Saey V, de Bruijn CM, Gröne A, Chiers K, van Loon G, Ducatelle R, van Weeren PR, Back W, Delesalle C. Aortic rupture and aorto-pulmonary fistulation in the Friesian horse: characterisation of the clinical and gross post mortem findings in 24 cases.. Equine Vet J 2013 Jan;45(1):101-6.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00580.xpubmed: 22607232google scholar: lookup
  14. Lyle CH, Blissitt KJ, Kennedy RN, Mc Gorum BC, Newton JR, Parkin TD, Stirk A, Boden LA. Risk factors for race-associated sudden death in Thoroughbred racehorses in the UK (2000-2007).. Equine Vet J 2012 Jul;44(4):459-65.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00496.xpubmed: 22128788google scholar: lookup
  15. Lyle CH, Uzal FA, McGorum BC, Aida H, Blissitt KJ, Case JT, Charles JT, Gardner I, Horadagoda N, Kusano K, Lam K, Pack JD, Parkin TD, Slocombe RF, Stewart BD, Boden LA. Sudden death in racing Thoroughbred horses: an international multicentre study of post mortem findings.. Equine Vet J 2011 May;43(3):324-31.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00164.xpubmed: 21492210google scholar: lookup
  16. Gelberg HB, Zachary JF, Everitt JI, Jensen RC, Smetzer DL. Sudden death in training and racing Thoroughbred horses.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1985 Dec 15;187(12):1354-6.
    pubmed: 4086352
  17. Platt H. Sudden and unexpected deaths in horses: a review of 69 cases.. Br Vet J 1982 Sep-Oct;138(5):417-29.
    pubmed: 7127064doi: 10.1016/s0007-1935(17)30987-9google scholar: lookup
  18. Ueno T, Nambo Y, Tajima Y, Umemura T. Pathology of lethal peripartum broad ligament haematoma in 31 Thoroughbred mares.. Equine Vet J 2010 Sep;42(6):529-33.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00090.xpubmed: 20716193google scholar: lookup
  19. Williams NM, Bryant UK. Periparturient Arterial Rupture in Mares: A Postmortem Study. J Equine Vet Sci 2012;32(5):281–4.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2011.11.002google scholar: lookup
  20. Frederick J, Giguère S, Butterworth K, Pellegrini-Masini A, Casas-Dolz R, Turpin MM. Severe phenylephrine-associated hemorrhage in five aged horses.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010 Oct 1;237(7):830-4.
    doi: 10.2460/javma.237.7.830pubmed: 20919849google scholar: lookup
  21. Barone R. Tome 5—Angiologie. .
  22. Reymond P, Merenda F, Perren F, Rüfenacht D, Stergiopulos N. Validation of a one-dimensional model of the systemic arterial tree.. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009 Jul;297(1):H208-22.
    doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00037.2009pubmed: 19429832google scholar: lookup
  23. Boegli J, Schwarzwald CC, Mitchell KJ. Diagnostic value of noninvasive pulse pressure measurements in Warmblood horses with aortic regurgitation.. J Vet Intern Med 2019 May;33(3):1446-1455.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.15494pmc: PMC6524107pubmed: 30938891google scholar: lookup
  24. Poole DC, Erickson HH. Highly athletic terrestrial mammals: horses and dogs.. Compr Physiol 2011 Jan;1(1):1-37.
    doi: 10.1002/cphy.c091001pubmed: 23737162google scholar: lookup
  25. Sagawa K. Cardiac contraction and the pressure-volume relationship. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 1988. 15 p..
  26. Senzaki H, Chen CH, Kass DA. Single-beat estimation of end-systolic pressure-volume relation in humans. A new method with the potential for noninvasive application.. Circulation 1996 Nov 15;94(10):2497-506.
    doi: 10.1161/01.cir.94.10.2497pubmed: 8921794google scholar: lookup
  27. Brown CM, Holmes JR. Haemodynamics in the horse: 2. Intracardiac, pulmonary arterial and aortic pressures.. Equine Vet J 1978 Oct;10(4):207-15.
    pubmed: 738261doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1978.tb02263.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  28. Reed SM, Bayly WM, Sellon DC. Equine Internal Medicine-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2017. 418 p..
  29. Brown CM, Holmes JR. Haemodynamics in the horse: 3. Duration of the phases of the cardiac cycle.. Equine Vet J 1978 Oct;10(4):216-23.
    pubmed: 738262doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1978.tb02265.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  30. Mynard JP, Smolich JJ. Novel wave power analysis linking pressure-flow waves, wave potential, and the forward and backward components of hydraulic power.. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016 Apr 15;310(8):H1026-38.
    doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00954.2015pubmed: 26873972google scholar: lookup
  31. Parker KH, Jones CJ. Forward and backward running waves in the arteries: analysis using the method of characteristics.. J Biomech Eng 1990 Aug;112(3):322-6.
    doi: 10.1115/1.2891191pubmed: 2214715google scholar: lookup
  32. Swillens A, Lanoye L, De Backer J, Stergiopulos N, Verdonck PR, Vermassen F, Segers P. Effect of an abdominal aortic aneurysm on wave reflection in the aorta.. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2008 May;55(5):1602-11.
    doi: 10.1109/TBME.2007.913994pubmed: 18440906google scholar: lookup
  33. Reymond P, Westerhof N, Stergiopulos N. Systolic hypertension mechanisms: effect of global and local proximal aorta stiffening on pulse pressure.. Ann Biomed Eng 2012 Mar;40(3):742-9.
    doi: 10.1007/s10439-011-0443-xpubmed: 22016326google scholar: lookup
  34. Obeid H, Soulat G, Mousseaux E, Laurent S, Stergiopulos N, Boutouyrie P, Segers P. Numerical assessment and comparison of pulse wave velocity methods aiming at measuring aortic stiffness.. Physiol Meas 2017 Oct 31;38(11):1953-1967.
    doi: 10.1088/1361-6579/aa905apubmed: 28968226google scholar: lookup
  35. Campos Arias D, Londono F, Rodríguez Moliner T, Georgakopoulos D, Stergiopulos N, Segers P. Hemodynamic Impact of the C-Pulse Cardiac Support Device: A One-Dimensional Arterial Model Study.. Artif Organs 2017 Oct;41(10):E141-E154.
    doi: 10.1111/aor.12922pubmed: 28548693google scholar: lookup
  36. Aslanidou L, Trachet B, Reymond P, Fraga-Silva RA, Segers P, Stergiopulos N. A 1D model of the arterial circulation in mice.. ALTEX 2016;33(1):13-28.
    doi: 10.14573/altex.1507071pubmed: 26555250google scholar: lookup
  37. O'Rourke MF. Pressure and flow waves in systemic arteries and the anatomical design of the arterial system.. J Appl Physiol 1967 Aug;23(2):139-49.
    doi: 10.1152/jappl.1967.23.2.139pubmed: 5340142google scholar: lookup
  38. Belz GG. Elastic properties and Windkessel function of the human aorta.. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1995 Feb;9(1):73-83.
    pubmed: 7786838doi: 10.1007/bf00877747google scholar: lookup
  39. Reymond P, Merenda F, Perren F, Rüfenacht D, Stergiopulos N. Validation of a one-dimensional model of the systemic arterial tree.. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009 Jul;297(1):H208-22.
    doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00037.2009pubmed: 19429832google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Vera L, Campos Arias D, Muylle S, Stergiopulos N, Segers P, van Loon G. Correction: A 1D computer model of the arterial circulation in horses: An important resource for studying global interactions between heart and vessels under normal and pathological conditions.. PLoS One 2019;14(11):e0225396.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225396pubmed: 31721786google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,383 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.