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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2012; 2(2); 243-260; doi: 10.3390/ani2020243

A Potential Role for Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in the Development of Insulin Resistance in Horses.

Abstract: Understanding the mechanisms involved in the development of insulin resistance in horses should enable development of effective treatment and prevention strategies. Current knowledge of these mechanisms is based upon research in obese humans and rodents, in which there is evidence that the increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by adipose tissue negatively influences insulin signaling in insulin-responsive tissues. In horses, plasma concentrations of the cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α, have been positively correlated with body fatness and insulin resistance, leading to the hypothesis that inflammation may reduce insulin sensitivity in horses. However, little evidence has documented a tissue site of production and a direct link between inflammation and induction of insulin resistance has not been established. Several mechanisms are reviewed in this article, including the potential for macrophage infiltration, hyperinsulinemia, hypoxia, and lipopolysaccharide to increase pro-inflammatory cytokine production by adipose tissue of obese horses. Clearly defining the role of cytokines in reduced insulin sensitivity of horses will be a very important step in determining how obesity and insulin resistance are related.
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Publication Date: 2012-05-02 PubMed ID: 26486919PubMed Central: PMC4494330DOI: 10.3390/ani2020243Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates the possible role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the development of insulin resistance in horses, drawing parallels to existing research conducted on humans and rodents.

Overview of the Research

The research aims to understand the mechanisms which result in insulin resistance in horses in the hope of building effective treatment and prevention strategies. It is established based on previous research done on obese humans and rodents which have shown that an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines disrupts insulin signaling in insulin-responsive tissues.

Correlation between Cytokines and Insulin Resistance in Horses

  • The researchers have found that in horses, the concentration of a specific cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α), in the blood directly correlates with both, body fatness and insulin resistance.
  • This leads them to hypothesize that inflammation may have a role in reducing insulin sensitivity in horses.
  • However, they note that there has been little documented evidence to show which tissues produce these cytokines and also to establish a direct connection between inflammation and induction of insulin resistance.

Proposed Mechanisms

The article reviews several mechanisms, including:

  • The potential for macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, which could in turn lead to increased production of cytokines.
  • The effects of hyperinsulinemia (excess insulin in the blood)—common in obese horses—on the production of cytokines.
  • The possibility that hypoxia (low oxygen levels), a condition often seen in obesity, might lead to more cytokine production.
  • The role of lipopolysaccharide, a component of bacterial cell walls, in increasing cytokine production.

Future Implications of the Study

Investigating these mechanisms and establishing cytokines’ definitive role in horses could pave the way to understanding how obesity and insulin resistance are associated. This knowledge could then potentially be applied in the development of treatments for insulin resistance (and related conditions) in both, horses and potentially in humans as well.

Cite This Article

APA
Suagee JK, Corl BA, Geor RJ. (2012). A Potential Role for Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in the Development of Insulin Resistance in Horses. Animals (Basel), 2(2), 243-260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani2020243

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 2
Issue: 2
Pages: 243-260

Researcher Affiliations

Suagee, Jessica K
  • Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24071, USA. jksuagee@vt.edu.
Corl, Benjamin A
  • Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24071, USA. bcorl@vt.edu.
Geor, Raymond J
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. geor@cvm.msu.edu.

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Citations

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