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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2021; 11(7); 1975; doi: 10.3390/ani11071975

A Standard Scale to Measure Equine Keeper Status and the Effect of Metabolic Tendency on Gut Microbiome Structure.

Abstract: Thriftiness in horses has been associated with more efficient nutrient harvesting in digestion, absorption and/or utilization, but the relative contribution of the gut microbiome to host metabolic tendency is not well understood. Recognizing the unreliability of owner reported assignment of keeper status, this research describes a novel tool for calculating whether a horse is an easy (EK) or hard (HK) keeper and then characterizes microbiome differences in these groups. The Equine Keeper Status Scale (EKSS) was developed and validated based on data gathered from 240 horses. Estimates of dietary energy intakes and requirements to achieve the optimal BCS score of 5 were used in EKSS assignments. Sixty percent of owners' characterizations disagreed with EKSS identified keeper assignments. Equine fecal 16S rRNA profiles ( = 73) revealed differences in α and β diversities and taxa abundances based on EKSS assignments. EK communities had more Planctomycetes and fewer Euryarcheaota, Spirochaetes and Proteobacteria than HK indicating functional differences in nutrient harvesting between groups. Differences in the gut microbiomes of horses based on keeper assignment point to host/microbial interactions that may underlie some differences in metabolic tendency. The EKSS enables robust, repeatable determination of keeper status which can be used by researchers and horse owners.
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Publication Date: 2021-07-01 PubMed ID: 34359102PubMed Central: PMC8300108DOI: 10.3390/ani11071975Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research study develops and validates a new scientific tool called the “Equine Keeper Status Scale” (EKSS) to better determine whether a horse is an “easy keeper” (EK) or a “hard keeper” (HK), pertaining to how they metabolize food. The study also explores the differences in gut bacteria in horses based on this keeper status, providing insights into possible interactions between the host and their microbiome that affect metabolic tendencies.

Development and Validation of Equine Keeper Status Scale (EKSS)

  • The EKSS is a novel scientific tool developed to overcome the inaccuracies in owner-reported assignment of horses as either “easy keepers” (EK) or “hard keepers” (HK). The difference between the two lies in how efficiently a horse can harvest nutrients from digestion, absorption and utilization of food. EK horses typically have better nutrient harvesting abilities.
  • The scale was validated through an exhaustive process involving data collected from 240 horses.
  • It estimates the energy intake a horse requires to achieve an optimal Body Condition Score (BCS) of 5. These estimates are then used to assign a horse to an EKSS category.
  • Interestingly, the research found that owner reported assignments often contradicted EKSS results, with a 60% discord rate. This demonstrates the need for a standardized, scientific approach to determining keeper status like the EKSS.

Impact of Keeper Status on Gut Microbiome

  • The study also looked into the differences in gut microbiome structure between EK and HK horses, using equine fecal 16S rRNA profiles.
  • A total of 73 different bacterial profiles were examined for diversity and taxa abundance. The microbial communities of EK horses were found to have more Planctomycetes, a type of bacteria, but fewer Euryarchaeota, Spirochaetes, and Proteobacteria than HK horses.
  • The differences in bacterial composition suggest distinct functional abilities of nutrient harvesting between EK and HK horses, hinting at host-microbial interactions that may underpin some disparities in metabolic tendencies.

Implications and Applications

  • The research proves valuable by providing a robust and repeatable method to determine keeper status in horses, which can be utilized both by scientific researchers and horse owners.
  • It further expands the understanding of the relationship between metabolic tendencies and the gut microbiome configuration in horses, establishing a basis for future investigation in this area to improve horse nutrition and care.

Cite This Article

APA
Johnson ACB, Biddle AS. (2021). A Standard Scale to Measure Equine Keeper Status and the Effect of Metabolic Tendency on Gut Microbiome Structure. Animals (Basel), 11(7), 1975. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11071975

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 7
PII: 1975

Researcher Affiliations

Johnson, Alexa C B
  • Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
Biddle, Amy S
  • Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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