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Home / Equine Research Bank / Antiviral Res / A treatment for and vaccine against the deadly Hendra and Ni...
Antiviral research2013; 100(1); 8-13; doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.06.012

A treatment for and vaccine against the deadly Hendra and Nipah viruses.

Abstract: Hendra virus and Nipah virus are bat-borne paramyxoviruses that are the prototypic members of the genus Henipavirus. The henipaviruses emerged in the 1990s, spilling over from their natural bat hosts and causing serious disease outbreaks in humans and livestock. Hendra virus emerged in Australia and since 1994 there have been 7 human infections with 4 case fatalities. Nipah virus first appeared in Malaysia and subsequent outbreaks have occurred in Bangladesh and India. In total, there have been an estimated 582 human cases of Nipah virus and of these, 54% were fatal. Their broad species tropism and ability to cause fatal respiratory and/or neurologic disease in humans and animals make them important transboundary biological threats. Recent experimental findings in animals have demonstrated that a human monoclonal antibody targeting the viral G glycoprotein is an effective post-exposure treatment against Hendra and Nipah virus infection. In addition, a subunit vaccine based on the G glycoprotein of Hendra virus affords protection against Hendra and Nipah virus challenge. The vaccine has been developed for use in horses in Australia and is the first vaccine against a Biosafety Level-4 (BSL-4) agent to be licensed and commercially deployed. Together, these advances offer viable approaches to address Hendra and Nipah virus infection of livestock and people.
Published by Elsevier B.V.
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Publication Date: 2013-07-06 PubMed ID: 23838047PubMed Central: PMC4418552DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.06.012Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article pertains to the development of an effective post-exposure treatment and a vaccine against the deadly Hendra and Nipah viruses, both of which originate from bat hosts. The treatment involves a monoclonal antibody targeting the viruses’ G glycoprotein, while the vaccine is created from the G glycoprotein of the Hendra virus.

Background of Hendra and Nipah Viruses

  • The Hendra and Nipah viruses are bat-borne paramyxoviruses, and they are the first known members of the Henipavirus genus.
  • These viruses emerged in the 1990s and have since caused significant disease outbreaks in both humans and livestock.
  • The Hendra virus first appeared in Australia, where it has led to seven human infections and four fatalities since 1994.
  • The Nipah virus initially surfaced in Malaysia, with successive outbreaks happening in Bangladesh and India. So far, there have been an estimated 582 human cases of Nipah virus infection, with a fatality rate of 54%.

Significance of the Viruses

  • The extensive species tropism and the viruses’ ability to induce lethal respiratory and/or neurological illness make the Hendra and Nipah viruses significant transboundary biological threats.

Development of Treatment and Vaccine

  • Recent experimental discoveries in animals have shown that a human monoclonal antibody targeting the viral G glycoprotein is a successful post-exposure treatment for Hendra and Nipah virus infections.
  • Apart from the treatment, a subunit vaccine based on the G glycoprotein of the Hendra virus has been developed. This vaccine successfully offers protection against the Hendra and Nipah viruses.

Vaccine Deployment

  • The vaccine has been developed for use in horses in Australia, and it is the first vaccine against a Biosafety Level-4 (BSL-4) agent to be licensed and commercially available.
  • This vaccine and post-exposure treatment represent significant advances in dealing with Hendra and Nipah virus infections in both livestock and humans, offering viable strategies to manage these viral infections.

Cite This Article

APA
Broder CC, Xu K, Nikolov DB, Zhu Z, Dimitrov DS, Middleton D, Pallister J, Geisbert TW, Bossart KN, Wang LF. (2013). A treatment for and vaccine against the deadly Hendra and Nipah viruses. Antiviral Res, 100(1), 8-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.06.012

Publication

Antiviral research
ISSN: 1872-9096
NlmUniqueID: 8109699
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 100
Issue: 1
Pages: 8-13

Researcher Affiliations

Broder, Christopher C
  • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States. Electronic address: christopher.broder@usuhs.edu.
Xu, Kai
    Nikolov, Dimitar B
      Zhu, Zhongyu
        Dimitrov, Dimiter S
          Middleton, Deborah
            Pallister, Jackie
              Geisbert, Thomas W
                Bossart, Katharine N
                  Wang, Lin-Fa

                    MeSH Terms

                    • Animals
                    • Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use
                    • Cattle
                    • Cattle Diseases / drug therapy
                    • Cattle Diseases / immunology
                    • Cattle Diseases / prevention & control
                    • Hendra Virus / drug effects
                    • Hendra Virus / genetics
                    • Hendra Virus / immunology
                    • Henipavirus Infections / drug therapy
                    • Henipavirus Infections / immunology
                    • Henipavirus Infections / prevention & control
                    • Henipavirus Infections / veterinary
                    • Humans
                    • Nipah Virus / drug effects
                    • Nipah Virus / genetics
                    • Nipah Virus / immunology
                    • Viral Vaccines / administration & dosage
                    • Viral Vaccines / genetics
                    • Viral Vaccines / immunology

                    Grant Funding

                    • R01 AI054715 / NIAID NIH HHS
                    • U01 AI077995 / NIAID NIH HHS
                    • Intramural NIH HHS

                    Conflict of Interest Statement

                    Conflict of interest. CCB, ZZ and DSD are United States federal employees. CCB, DSD and ZZ are coinventors on patents pertaining to human monoclonal antibodies against Hendra and Nipah viruses, and CCB and KNB are coinventors on patents pertaining to soluble forms of Hendra and Nipah G glycoproteins; assignees are The United States of America as represented by the Department of Health and Human Services (Washington, DC), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (Bethesda, MD). All other authors declare no competing interests.

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