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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Addressing Heterogeneity in Equine PRP Therapies: A Scoping ...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2025; 15(24); 3586; doi: 10.3390/ani15243586

Addressing Heterogeneity in Equine PRP Therapies: A Scoping Review of Methods, Evidence, and Commercial Validation.

Abstract: (1) Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy has become a cornerstone of equine regenerative medicine, yet significant methodological variability compromises reproducibility and clinical comparability. (2) Methods: This scoping review systematically mapped and analyzed peer-reviewed studies describing equine PRP preparation methods and commercial systems (2000-2024) following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. (3) Results: Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 317 horses and both manual and commercial devices. Double-spin manual protocols predominated, though centrifugation parameters, anticoagulants, and activation strategies varied widely. Methodological quality, assessed using an adapted nine-criterion framework, revealed that only 29% of studies achieved comprehensive reporting, particularly lacking platelet-yield and activation details. An additional multilingual web search identified 24 veterinary PRP kits, of which only 10 had published validation in horses, exposing a pronounced gap between marketing claims and scientific evidence. (4) Conclusions: These discrepancies underscore the need for standardized reporting, transparent characterization, and independent evaluation of PRP systems. The proposed framework aims to guide future research toward reproducible, evidence-based practices that enhance therapeutic reliability and clinical translation in equine regenerative medicine.
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Publication Date: 2025-12-13 PubMed ID: 41463871PubMed Central: PMC12729996DOI: 10.3390/ani15243586Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Overview

  • This research reviews and evaluates the diversity and inconsistency in methods for preparing platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapies in horses, highlighting gaps between commercial claims and scientific validation.
  • It aims to promote standardized protocols and improve reproducibility and clinical reliability in equine PRP regenerative treatments.

Background

  • Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy is widely used in equine regenerative medicine to promote tissue healing and repair.
  • Despite its popularity, there is considerable variability in how PRP is prepared and administered across different studies and products.
  • This heterogeneity complicates the ability to compare clinical outcomes, undermining reproducibility and evidence-based practice.

Methods

  • The study conducted a scoping review following PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines to map the landscape of equine PRP preparation methods.
  • Peer-reviewed articles from 2000 to 2024 were systematically searched and screened, focusing on those describing preparation methods and commercial PRP systems used in horses.
  • Methodological quality was assessed through a customized nine-criterion framework, emphasizing key elements such as reporting of platelet concentration (yield), anticoagulant use, centrifugation parameters, and activation protocols.
  • A separate multilingual web search was conducted to identify commercially available veterinary PRP kits and check for their scientific validation in equine applications.

Results

  • Twenty-four peer-reviewed studies met inclusion criteria, collectively involving 317 horses.
  • PRP was prepared using both manual protocols and commercial devices, with manual double-spin centrifugation protocols being the most common.
  • There was significant variation in key technical parameters across studies, such as:
    • Speed and duration of centrifugation
    • Types of anticoagulants used during preparation
    • Approaches to platelet activation (chemical or physical methods)
  • Only 29% of studies met comprehensive reporting standards, with many failing to provide detailed platelet yield and activation information.
  • The web search revealed 24 commercial veterinary PRP kits marketed for equine use.
  • However, just 10 of these kits had published validation data specific to horses, highlighting a substantial gap between commercial marketing claims and scientific evidence.

Conclusions

  • The variability and incomplete reporting in equine PRP research hinder reproducibility and evidence-based clinical application.
  • The disconnect between commercial claims and scientific validation poses risks for clinical reliability and efficacy in practice.
  • The authors propose a standardized reporting framework aimed at improving transparency, methodological consistency, and thorough characterization of PRP products and protocols.
  • This framework is designed to guide future research efforts, enabling more reproducible and scientifically robust evaluations of PRP therapies in equine regenerative medicine.
  • Ultimately, such standardization will enhance the therapeutic reliability, clinical translation, and acceptance of PRP treatments in veterinary practice.

Cite This Article

APA
Carmona JU, López C, Argüelles D. (2025). Addressing Heterogeneity in Equine PRP Therapies: A Scoping Review of Methods, Evidence, and Commercial Validation. Animals (Basel), 15(24), 3586. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15243586

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 24
PII: 3586

Researcher Affiliations

Carmona, Jorge U
  • Grupo de Investigación Terapia Regenerativa, Departamento de Salud Animal, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 No 26-10, Manizales 170004, Colombia.
López, Catalina
  • Grupo de Investigación Patología Clínica Veterinaria, Departamento de Salud Animal, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 No 26-10, Manizales 170004, Colombia.
Argüelles, David
  • Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Carmona JU, Hernández-Valencia JD, López C. Molecular and Regenerative Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Related Hemocomponents in Animal Models of Liver Injury-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2026 Jan 20;27(2).
    doi: 10.3390/ijms27021013pubmed: 41596657google scholar: lookup
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