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Equine veterinary journal2019; 51(6); 760-766; doi: 10.1111/evj.13097

Adipose tissue dysfunction in obese horses with equine metabolic syndrome.

Abstract: Obesity is a common feature of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS). In other species, obese adipose tissue shows pathological features such as adipocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation and impaired insulin signalling all of which contribute to whole body insulin dysregulation. Such adipose tissue dysfunction has not been investigated in horses. Objective: To determine if obese horses with EMS have adipose tissue dysfunction characterised by adipocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation and altered insulin signalling. Methods: Cross-sectional post-mortem study. Methods: Samples of peri-renal (visceral) and retroperitoneal adipose tissue were obtained at post-mortem from healthy horses (n = 9) and horses with EMS (n = 6). Samples were analysed to determine average adipocyte size, fibrotic content and expression of inflammatory and insulin signalling genes. Results: Horses with metabolic syndrome showed marked adipocyte hypertrophy and increased expression of adipokines (leptin) and inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL1β and CCL2) in both adipose tissue depots compared to healthy horses. There were no differences in fibrosis or expression of genes relating to insulin signalling between the groups. Conclusions: Cases used in this study had advanced EMS and may represent the end stage of the condition; the design of the study is such that we were unable to relate the identified adipose tissue dysfunction to whole body insulin dysregulation. Conclusions: Horses with obesity and EMS have significant dysfunction of the peri-renal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue that may contribute to whole body insulin dysregulation.
© 2019 The Authors. Equine Veterinary Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of EVJ Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2019-04-10 PubMed ID: 30866087PubMed Central: PMC6850304DOI: 10.1111/evj.13097Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether obese horses with equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) have dysfunctional adipose tissue, indicated by enlarged fat cells, inflammation, and altered insulin signalling. The study found that EMS horses do indeed have adipocyte hypertrophy, increased expression of adipokines, and inflammatory cytokines in their adipose tissue, suggesting adipose tissue dysfunction that could play a role in overall insulin regulation.

Research Objectives and Methods

  • The research was designed to test the hypothesis that obese horses with EMS have adipose tissue dysfunction. This was characterised by several disorders including adipocyte hypertrophy (overgrown fat cells), fibrosis (excess fibrous connective tissue), inflammation, and irregular insulin signalling.
  • Researchers conducted a cross-sectional study post-mortem, taking samples of two types of adipose tissue – peri-renal (visceral) and retroperitoneal – from both healthy horses (9 in number) and those diagnosed with EMS (6 in number).
  • In the lab, scientists measured the average adipocyte size, fibrotic content, and expression of inflammatory and insulin signalling genes in the tissue samples.

Key Findings

  • The obese horses with EMS demonstrated significant adipocyte hypertrophy, indicating an excessive growth of fat cells that can be connected with metabolic syndrome. In addition, the expressions of adipokines (proteins produced by fat cells) and inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL1β, and CCL2) were amplified in the adipose tissue samples when compared to healthy horses.
  • Surprisingly, the study found no differences in fibrosis or expression of genes relating to insulin signalling between healthy horses and those with EMS. This suggests that while obesity and EMS may cause some adipose tissue dysfunction in horses, it does not affect all aspects of adipose tissue health or function.

Study Limitations and Conclusions

  • The study’s design did not allow researchers to definitively link the identified adipose tissue dysfunction to whole body insulin dysregulation.
  • It’s important to note that the cases used in this study were advanced EMS horses, which could mean the observed adipose tissue dysfunction might represent the end stage of the condition.
  • However, the study concludes that there is a significant dysfunction of the peri-renal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue in horses with obesity and EMS. This adipose tissue dysfunction could be a contributing factor to whole body insulin dysregulation in EMS horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Reynolds A, Keen JA, Fordham T, Morgan RA. (2019). Adipose tissue dysfunction in obese horses with equine metabolic syndrome. Equine Vet J, 51(6), 760-766. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13097

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 51
Issue: 6
Pages: 760-766

Researcher Affiliations

Reynolds, A
  • Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK.
Keen, J A
  • Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK.
Fordham, T
  • Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK.
Morgan, R A
  • Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK.
  • University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, the Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

MeSH Terms

  • Adipose Tissue / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Horse Diseases / physiopathology
  • Horses
  • Metabolic Syndrome / physiopathology
  • Metabolic Syndrome / veterinary
  • Obesity / veterinary

Grant Funding

  • R42126/82976 / BBSRC/Pfizer CASE Studentship
  • 206587/Z/17/Z / Wellcome Trust
  • British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence Award

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