An experimental study on the role of the reciprocal tendinous apparatus of the horse at walk.

The study analysed the role of certain muscles and tendons in the hind limb movement of seven horses during walking. It found that these structures, specifically the peroneus tertius tendon and the cranial tibial muscle, play significant roles during the supporting stage of walking, acting as a storage for elastic energy and aiding in force distribution.

Research Methodology

The study used the experimental approach and employed high-speed cinematography and electromyography (a technique for recording and evaluating the electrical activity produced by muscles) for data gathering. It involved seven horses which were subject for observation in two scenarios: the first when they were in intact condition and the second after structural transections or surgical cuts on the following parts:

• Peroneus tertius tendon – a muscle that extends through the horse’s hind limb.
• Cranial tibial muscle – a muscle located in the front part of the horse’s shin.
• Both cranial tibial muscle and peroneus tertius tendon.
• Superficial digital flexor tendon – a tendon that runs down the back of the horse’s limb.

Findings and Conclusions

The research concluded the following:

• The muscles and tendons over the cranial aspect of the tibia (an area in front of Shinbone) have an essential role during the support phase of the walking process. This signifies that these parts are active and held under tension when the horse’s limb is supporting the weight of the animal.
• The movements of the hind limb can still be performed even without the action of cranial tibial and gastrocnemius (a significant muscle in the back part of the lower leg) muscles. This suggests that the horse’s limb contains multiple structures that compensate for the loss of function in some of its parts.
• The tendons in the shank or lower leg accomplish storing elastic energy during the support phase. Elastic energy is crucial for efficient locomotion in humans and other animals as it enables the reuse of otherwise wasted energy.
• The gastrocnemius and cranial tibial muscles may centre the force of the load through the long axis of the Shinbone. This function is vital, enabling bones to bear weight more effectively and thus decreasing the likelihood of damage or injury.