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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Intern Med / An observational study of environmental exposures, airway cy...
Journal of veterinary internal medicine2018; 32(5); 1754-1762; doi: 10.1111/jvim.15226

An observational study of environmental exposures, airway cytology, and performance in racing thoroughbreds.

Abstract: Mild equine asthma is presumed to arise in response to environmental exposures but the relative impact of differing inflammatory phenotypes upon performance are largely unexplored. Objective: Airway inflammation negatively affects performance and cytological phenotype varies with environmental exposure. Methods: Thoroughbred racehorses in active training and racing. Methods: Thoroughbreds were recruited 24-48 hours before racing. Each horse was eligible for re-enrollment with each race entry. Within one hour of race completion, physical examination, respiratory endoscopy, and BAL were performed. Respirable and inhalable dust, respirable endotoxin, and respirable β-glucan exposures were measured at the breathing zone within one week after racing. Controlling for age, trainer, and pulmonary hemorrhage, the relationship between performance, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology, and measures of exposure were modeled. Results: Performance and BALF data were collected on 64 individual horses from 8 stables for a total of 98 race performances and 79 dust exposure assessments. Evidence of mild equine asthma was found in 80% (78/98) of BALF samples from 52/64 horses. For each percent increase in BALF mast cell and neutrophil proportions, speed figures were reduced by 2.9 (P = .012) and 1.4 (P = .046) points, respectively. Respirable dust concentration was associated with BALF neutrophil proportions (P = .015). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid mast cell proportions were only associated with respirable β-glucan exposures (P = .030). Conclusions: Mild equine asthma is common in racing horses and negatively impacts performance. The data support that respirable, rather than inhalable, dust exposure measures are pertinent to equine airway health.
© 2018 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2018-09-17 PubMed ID: 30222207PubMed Central: PMC6189343DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15226Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Observational Study
  • Veterinary

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research aims to investigate the effect of environmental factors on the performance of racehorses and finds that mild equine asthma, due to such factors, can detrimentally affect their speed. Additionally, the paper suggests that air pollution, such as dust, worsens equine respiratory health.

Research Methodology

  • The research was an observational study conducted on Thoroughbred racehorses that were actively in training and racing.
  • The horses were enrolled in the study between 24-48 hours prior to their races, and were eligible for re-enrollment for each new race entry.
  • After the completion of each race, within one hour, the horses underwent physical examinations, respiratory endoscopies, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) procedures.
  • The research team also measured exposures to respirable and inhalable dust, respirable endotoxin, and respirable beta-glucan in the horses’ breathing zones within a week after each race.
  • The team controlled for variables like age, trainer, and pulmonary hemorrhage while modeling the relationship between the horse’s performance, BAL fluid (BALF) cytology, and exposure measures.

Research Findings

  • Data was collected from 64 individual horses from eight different stables, encompassing a total of 98 race performances and 79 dust exposure assessments.
  • Out of these, evidence of mild equine asthma was found in 80% of the BALF samples from 52 of the horses.
  • The study displayed that for each percent increase in BALF mast cell and neutrophil proportions, the horses’ speed was reduced by 2.9 and 1.4 points respectively.
  • A significant association was found between respirable dust concentration and BALF neutrophil proportions, suggesting higher dust exposure led to increased inflammation.
  • BALF mast cell proportions were notably associated only with exposure to respirable beta-glucan.

Conclusions

  • The research concluded that mild equine asthma is common in racing horses and negatively impacts their performance.
  • The data supports the contention that respirable dust exposure measures are more pertinent to equine airway health than inhalable dust.

Cite This Article

APA
Ivester KM, Couëtil LL, Moore GE. (2018). An observational study of environmental exposures, airway cytology, and performance in racing thoroughbreds. J Vet Intern Med, 32(5), 1754-1762. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15226

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 32
Issue: 5
Pages: 1754-1762

Researcher Affiliations

Ivester, Kathleen M
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana.
Couëtil, Laurent L
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana.
Moore, George E
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana.

MeSH Terms

  • Aging
  • Animals
  • Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / cytology
  • Environmental Exposure
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Horses
  • Prospective Studies
  • Respiratory System / cytology
  • Respiratory Tract Diseases / pathology
  • Respiratory Tract Diseases / veterinary
  • Running
  • Sports

Grant Funding

  • Grayson-Jockey Club Research Foundation
  • the state of Indiana and PVM research account funded by the total wager tax
  • IND020767AH / USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Animal Health project

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