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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2022; 12(4); doi: 10.3390/ani12040449

Associations between Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH) and Fitness Parameters Measured by Incremental Treadmill Test in Standardbred Racehorses.

Abstract: Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) is a condition affecting up to 95% of racehorses, diagnosed by detecting blood in the trachea after exercise and/or the presence of hemosiderophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf). Although EIPH is commonly associated with poor performance, scientific evidence is scarce. The athletic capacity of racehorses can be quantified through some parameters obtained during an incremental treadmill test; in particular, the speed at a heart rate of 200 bpm (V200), and the speed (VLa4) and the heart rate (HRLa4) at which the blood lactate concentration reaches 4 mmol/L are considered good fitness indicators. The present retrospective study aims to evaluate whether EIPH could influence fitness parameters in poorly performing Standardbreds. For this purpose, data from 81 patients regarding their V200, VLa4, HRLa4, peak lactate, maximum speed, minimum pH, and maximum hematocrit were reviewed; EIPH scores were assigned based on tracheobronchoscopy and BALf cytology. The association between the fitness parameters and EIPH was evaluated through Spearman's correlation analysis. No relationship between EIPH and V200, VLa4, and HRLa4 was observed. Interestingly, EIPH-positive horses showed higher hematocrit values (p = 0.0072, r = 0.47), suggesting the possible influence of the hemoconcentration on the increase of pulmonary capillary pressure as a part of the pathogenesis of EIPH.
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Publication Date: 2022-02-12 PubMed ID: 35203157PubMed Central: PMC8868235DOI: 10.3390/ani12040449Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article studies the link between exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH), a condition common to racehorses, and their athletic performance, quantified through multiple fitness indicators.

Understanding EIPH and Performance Indicators

In this study, the focus is on EIPH, a condition commonly seen in up to 95% of racehorses. EIPH is diagnosed when there is evidence of blood in the horse’s trachea after exercise or presence of hemosiderophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf).

  • EIPH is often linked to poor performance in racehorses, yet scientific evidence supporting this connection is limited.
  • The research uses certain measurements obtained from an incremental treadmill test to quantify athletic performance in racehorses.
  • The speed at which a heartbeat rate of 200 beats per minute (V200), as well as the speed (VLa4) and the heart rate (HRLa4) at the point wherein the blood lactate concentration hits 4 mmol/L, are considered as credible indicators of fitness in this context.

Research Methodology and Findings

The study examined past data of 81 racehorses, including their V200, VLa4, HRLa4, peak lactate level, maximum speed, minimum pH, and maximum hematocrit levels. Also, each horse received an EIPH score based on tracheobronchoscopy and BALf cytology examinations.

  • The researchers intended to observe any credible link between fitness parameters and the EIPH using Spearman’s correlation analysis.
  • The results indicated that there was no correlation between EIPH and the values of V200, VLa4, and HRLa4.
  • Interestingly, higher hematocrit values were observed in the horses that tested positive for EIPH, implying that hemoconcentration could play a role in increasing the pulmonary capillary pressure, thus contributing to the development of EIPH.

Conclusion

Although the study found no direct link between EIPH and the primary fitness parameters (V200, VLa4, and HRLa4), it proposed an interesting potential connection between EIPH and higher hematocrit values. This implies the need for further study to explore such associations and the pathogenesis of EIPH.

Cite This Article

APA
Lo Feudo CM, Stucchi L, Stancari G, Alberti E, Conturba B, Zucca E, Ferrucci F. (2022). Associations between Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH) and Fitness Parameters Measured by Incremental Treadmill Test in Standardbred Racehorses. Animals (Basel), 12(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12040449

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 4

Researcher Affiliations

Lo Feudo, Chiara Maria
  • Equine Sports Medicine Laboratory "Franco Tradati", Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
Stucchi, Luca
  • Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
Stancari, Giovanni
  • Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
Alberti, Elena
  • Equine Sports Medicine Laboratory "Franco Tradati", Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
Conturba, Bianca
  • Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
Zucca, Enrica
  • Equine Sports Medicine Laboratory "Franco Tradati", Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
Ferrucci, Francesco
  • Equine Sports Medicine Laboratory "Franco Tradati", Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 9 times.
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