Biomarkers of in vivo platelet activation in thoroughbreds during their first long-term training.
Abstract: Physical exercise has an activating effect on platelet function that differs between trained and untrained subjects, depending on the type of exercise and training status. In humans, soluble P-selectin (sP-sel) and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) are considered reliable markers of platelet activation during exercise. In untrained humans, they increase after transient physical exercise, whereas long-term training induces a decrease in their resting levels due to an improved ability to adapt to hemodynamic changes. The aim of this study was to assess whether circulating levels of sP-sel and PEVs may be useful markers to explore platelet function in never-trained Thoroughbreds during their first 4 months of incremental training. A total of 29 clinically healthy, untrained Thoroughbreds (17 males and 12 females) were enrolled. All horses were trained with the same training schedule (90 days). Blood samples were collected on the day the training program began (T0), 30 days (T30), and 90 days (T90) after its incremental increase to quantify platelet count, sP-sel (horse enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and PEVs (flow cytometry). Statistical analysis was performed using RM one-way analysis of variance with the Geisser-Greenhouse correction. Soluble P-selectin tended to increase at T30 compared with T0, while T90 levels returned to baseline values. Significantly higher circulating levels of PEVs CD61/AnnV were observed at T30 and T90 compared to baseline confirming platelet hyperactivity. The detection and quantification of sP-sel and PEVs in equine racehorses during the training period appears to be a promising tool to study exercise-induced primary hemostatic changes and may provide an important marker for exercise selection.
Copyright © 2024 Miglio, Falcinelli, Mezzasoma, Busechian, Rueca, Gresele and Antognoni.
Publication Date: 2024-05-20 PubMed ID: 38831955PubMed Central: PMC11145980DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1395423Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The study examines the changes in platelet activation markers in never-trained Thoroughbreds during their first four months of training. The researchers found that these markers can provide insight on the body’s hemostatic function during physical exercise and could potentially aid in exercise selection.
Understanding the Background Context
- Physical exercise impacts platelet function differently in trained and untrained subjects. This impact varies depending on the type of exercise and the person’s training status.
- Two indicators are commonly used to monitor platelet activity: soluble P-selectin (sP-sel) and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs).
- In untrained humans, both markers increase after transient physical activity. However, after long-term training, these levels drop at rest due to an increased ability to adapt to changes in the blood flow.
Objective and Methodology of the Study
- The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether the circulating levels of sP-sel and PEVs could provide insight into platelet function in Thoroughbreds who had never been trained, as they go through an initial four-month period of incremental training.
- The experiment involved 29 healthy, untrained Thoroughbreds, both male and female.
- All the horses were trained according to the same schedule for 90 days.
- Blood samples were taken at the start of the training program, after 30 days, and after 90 days. These were analyzed for platelet count, sP-sel levels, and PEVs.
- The researchers employed a one-way analysis of variance for performing the statistical analysis.
Findings of the Study
- The levels of soluble P-selectin tended to increase at the 30-day mark when compared to the baseline level, though the levels at 90 days went back to the original values.
- The circulating levels of PEVs CD61/AnnV were significantly higher at both the 30-day and 90-day marks compared to the baseline, indicating an increased platelet activity.
- The study found that by detecting and quantifying sP-sel and PEVs in racehorses during their training, it may be possible to study the exercise-induced changes in primary hemostasis. This could provide a significant marker for determining the right amount and type of exercise for the horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Miglio A, Falcinelli E, Mezzasoma AM, Busechian S, Rueca F, Gresele P, Antognoni MT.
(2024).
Biomarkers of in vivo platelet activation in thoroughbreds during their first long-term training.
Front Vet Sci, 11, 1395423.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1395423 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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