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Home / Equine Research Bank / Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist / Climate change is likely to increase the development rate of...
International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance2020; 14; 73-79; doi: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2020.09.001

Climate change is likely to increase the development rate of anthelmintic resistance in equine cyathostomins in New Zealand.

Abstract: Climate change is likely to influence livestock production by increasing the prevalence of diseases, including parasites. The traditional practice of controlling nematodes in livestock by the application of anthelmintics is, however, increasingly compromised by the development of resistance to these drugs in parasite populations. This study used a previously developed simulation model of the entire equine cyathostomin lifecycle to investigate the effect a changing climate would have on the development of anthelmintic resistance. Climate data from six General Circulation Models based on four different Representative Concentration Pathways was available for three New Zealand locations. These projections were used to estimate the time resistance will take to develop in the middle (2040-49) and by the end (2090-99) of the century in relation to current (2006-15) conditions under two treatment scenarios of either two or six yearly whole-herd anthelmintic treatments. To facilitate comparison, a scenario without any treatments was included as a baseline. In addition, the size of the infective and parasitic stage nematode population during the third simulation year were estimated. The development of resistance varied between locations, time periods and anthelmintic treatment strategies. In general, the simulations indicated a more rapid development of resistance under future climates coinciding with an increase in the numbers of infective larvae on pasture and encysted parasitic stages. This was especially obvious when climate changes resulted in a longer period suitable for development of free-living parasite stages. A longer period suitable for larval development resulted in an increase in the average size of the parasite population with a larger contribution from eggs passed by resistant worms surviving the anthelmintic treatments. It is projected that climate change will decrease the ability to control livestock parasites by means of anthelmintic treatments and non-drug related strategies will become increasingly important for sustainable parasite control.
Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2020-09-17 PubMed ID: 32992276PubMed Central: PMC7527676DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2020.09.001Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article explores the impact of climate change on the development rate of drug resistance in a common parasite found in horses, called cyathostomins, in New Zealand. Using a simulation model, the study demonstrates how rising global temperatures could contribute to a more rapid development of resistance to anthelmintic drugs and lead to more widespread effects on livestock health.

Study Methodology and Design

  • The research utilizes a simulation model that encapsulates the entire lifecycle of equine cyathostomins. This model is designed to investigate the impacts of a changing climate on the development of resistance to anthelmintic drugs.
  • The study uses climate data derived from six General Circulation Models and four different Representative Concentration Pathways connected with three different locations in New Zealand.
  • The data are used to estimate the period it would take for the resistance to develop in the middle (2040-49) and by the end (2090-99) of this century as compared to current conditions (2006-15).
  • For comprehensive analysis, the study includes two treatment scenarios: one involves two yearly whole-herd anthelmintic treatments and the other involves six such treatments.
  • A scenario without any treatment measures was also included as a baseline for comparison.

Findings

  • The study discovered contrasting results pertaining to the development of resistance across different locations, different time periods, and different anthelmintic treatment strategies.
  • Overall, the simulations indicated a more rapid development of drug resistance under future climates. This accelerated development coincides with an increase in the numbers of infective parasites on pasture and dormant parasitic stages.
  • This higher speed of resistance development was especially noticeable when climate change resulted in a longer period suitable for the growth of free-living parasite stages.
  • Under favorable climate conditions for parasitic larva development, there was also an observed increase in the overall size of the parasite population. This increase was largely driven by eggs from resistant worms that survived the anthelmintic treatments.

Conclusion and Implications

  • The research concludes that climate change is likely to impact livestock health by making it harder to control parasites with traditional anthelmintic treatments.
  • It predicts a faster development of resistance to such treatments, especially in scenarios where climate change allows for a longer period of parasite development.
  • This finding implies a shift towards more non-drug related strategies will be needed for effective and sustainable parasite control in the future.

Cite This Article

APA
Sauermann CW, Leathwick DM, Lieffering M, Nielsen MK. (2020). Climate change is likely to increase the development rate of anthelmintic resistance in equine cyathostomins in New Zealand. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist, 14, 73-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpddr.2020.09.001

Publication

International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance
ISSN: 2211-3207
NlmUniqueID: 101576715
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 14
Pages: 73-79
PII: S2211-3207(20)30027-0

Researcher Affiliations

Sauermann, Christian W
  • AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand. Electronic address: christian.sauermann@agresearch.co.nz.
Leathwick, Dave M
  • AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
Lieffering, Mark
  • AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
Nielsen, Martin K
  • M.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anthelmintics / pharmacology
  • Climate Change
  • Drug Resistance
  • Horse Diseases / drug therapy
  • Horse Diseases / parasitology
  • Horses
  • New Zealand

Conflict of Interest Statement

The project was supported by AgResearch SIFF funding through project number PRJ0155808. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Steuer AE, Anderson HP, Shepherd T, Clark M, Scare JA, Gravatte HS, Nielsen MK. Parasite dynamics in untreated horses through one calendar year.. Parasit Vectors 2022 Feb 8;15(1):50.
    doi: 10.1186/s13071-022-05168-zpubmed: 35135605google scholar: lookup
  2. Johnson ACB, Biddle AS. The Use of Molecular Profiling to Track Equine Reinfection Rates of Cyathostomin Species Following Anthelmintic Administration.. Animals (Basel) 2021 May 9;11(5).
    doi: 10.3390/ani11051345pubmed: 34065099google scholar: lookup
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