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Home / Equine Research Bank / Environ Microbiol / Clostridioides difficile infection and One Health: an equine...
Environmental microbiology2022; 24(3); 985-997; doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.15898

Clostridioides difficile infection and One Health: an equine perspective.

Abstract: Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile presents a significant health risk to humans and animals. The complexity of the bacterial-host interaction affecting pathogenesis and disease development creates an ongoing challenge for epidemiological studies, control strategies and prevention planning. The recent emergence of human disease caused by strains of C. difficile found in animals adds to mounting evidence that C. difficile infection (CDI) may be a zoonosis. In equine populations, C. difficile is a known cause of diarrhoea and gastrointestinal inflammation, with considerable mortality and morbidity. This has a significant impact on both the well-being of the animal and, in the case of performance and production animals, it may have an adverse economic impact on relevant industries. While C. difficile is regularly isolated from horses, many questions remain regarding the impact of asymptomatic carriage as well as optimization of diagnosis, testing and treatment. This review provides an overview of our understanding of equine CDI while also identifying knowledge gaps and the need for a holistic One Health approach to a complicated issue.
© 2022 The Authors. Environmental Microbiology published by Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2022-01-21 PubMed ID: 35001483PubMed Central: PMC9304292DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15898Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses the impact and implications of infection by the bacteria Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile), in particular its occurrance in horses (equine population), while pointing out the potential of it being a zoonotic disease (transferred from animals to humans).

Clostridioides difficile and One Health Approach

  • The bacteria C. difficile is recognized as a notable health threat to not only humans, but to animals as well. The ‘One Health’ approach mentioned in the article refers to an integrated perspective of health which considers human, animal and environmental aspects.
  • The complexities in the interaction between the host organism and the bacteria makes understanding its pathogenesis and development difficult. This complexity presents challenges in devising effective control strategies and prevention plans.
  • Strains of C. difficile originally found in animals have recently been observed causing disease in humans. This provides increasing evidence to the suspicion that C. difficile infection (CDI) might have zoonotic aspects.

Impacts of CDI in Equine Population

  • In horses, C. difficile is a common cause of diarrhea and gut inflammation, with significant rates of mortality and morbidity observed.
  • Equine CDI carries implications for the health and wellbeing of the individual animal, as well as potential economic impact on relevant industries. This is especially applicable in relation to performance and production animals.

Current Understanding and Future Directions

  • While C. difficile is regularly found in horses, many questions remain unanswered. Aspects requiring further understanding and research include the impact of asymptomatic carriage, and optimal methods for diagnosis, testing and treatment.
  • The review emphasizes the urgency for a comprehensive, integrated ‘One Health’ approach to address the multifaceted challenges posed by C. difficile infection.

Cite This Article

APA
Hain-Saunders NMR, Knight DR, Bruce M, Riley TV. (2022). Clostridioides difficile infection and One Health: an equine perspective. Environ Microbiol, 24(3), 985-997. https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.15898

Publication

Environmental microbiology
ISSN: 1462-2920
NlmUniqueID: 100883692
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 24
Issue: 3
Pages: 985-997

Researcher Affiliations

Hain-Saunders, Natasza M R
  • Biosecurity and One Health Research Centre, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.
Knight, Daniel R
  • Biosecurity and One Health Research Centre, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.
  • School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
Bruce, Mieghan
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.
Riley, Thomas V
  • Biosecurity and One Health Research Centre, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.
  • School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
  • School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
  • Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Clostridioides
  • Clostridioides difficile
  • Clostridium Infections / diagnosis
  • Clostridium Infections / veterinary
  • Diarrhea
  • Horses
  • One Health

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