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Frontiers in veterinary science2021; 7; 511023; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.511023

Comparison of Flowmetric Plethysmography and Forced Oscillatory Mechanics to Measure Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Horses.

Abstract: Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is linked to airway inflammation and is considered a key manifestation of mild/moderate equine asthma (EA). The study purpose was to determine whether two modalities of non-invasive lung function testing (FOM-forced oscillatory mechanics vs. FP-flowmetric plethysmography) establish the same clinical diagnosis of AHR in horses, using histamine bronchoprovocation. Nineteen horses (3-25 years, 335-650 kg) with clinical signs suggestive of mild/moderate equine asthma were enrolled. FOM and FP testing was performed in each horse on two consecutive days, using a randomized cross-over design. AHR was defined by the histamine dose needed to double FOM baseline resistance, or to achieve a 35% increase in FP delta flow. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was subsequently collected and stained with modified Wright's and toluidine blue stains. Binary statistical tests (related samples -test, Mann-Whitney , Chi-square analyses) were performed to compare study groups, with < 0.05 considered significant. Abnormal BALF cytology confirmed EA in 14/19 (73.7%) horses. Both FOM and FP revealed AHR in 7/14 (50%) of these EA horses. An additional 4/19 (21.1%) horses showed AHR based on FP but not FOM, including two horses with normal BALF cytology. A diagnosis of AHR was more often associated with FP than FOM ( = 0.013), although the prevalence of AHR was significantly higher in EA vs. non-EA horses, regardless of testing methodology. The phase angle between thoracic and abdominal components of breathing did not differ between test groups. In conclusion, FP diagnosed AHR more frequently than did FOM, including horses with no other diagnostic evidence of EA. Without further evaluation, these two testing modalities of AHR cannot be used interchangeably.
Copyright © 2021 Dixon, Bedenice and Mazan.
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Publication Date: 2021-02-22 PubMed ID: 33693040PubMed Central: PMC7937713DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.511023Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The researchers are trying to compare two non-invasive lung function tests (Forced Oscillatory Mechanics (FOM) and Flowmetric Plethysmography (FP)) in diagnosing Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), a common symptom of mild/moderate equine asthma in horses.

Research Background and Aim

  • Airway Hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a common symptom of mild/moderate equine asthma (EA), a condition that causes inflammation in the airways of horses.
  • The main purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of two non-invasive lung function tests, Forced Oscillatory Mechanics (FOM) and Flowmetric Plethysmography (FP), in diagnosing AHR in horses.

Methodology

  • Nineteen horses showing clinical signs of mild/moderate EA were enrolled for this study.
  • The horses were subjected to FOM and FP tests on two consecutive days, following a randomized cross-over design to verify the diagnosis of AHR.
  • The authors defined AHR either by the requirement of the dose of histamine needed to double the baseline resistance of FOM, or to achieve a 35% increase in the delta flow measured by the FP test.
  • Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected and stained with modified Wright’s and toluidine blue stains for analysis.

Findings

  • The examination of BALF cytology confirmed the prevalence of EA in about 73.7% (14 out of 19) of the horses.
  • 50% of these EA horses were diagnosed with AHR using both FOM and FP tests.
  • An additional 21.1% of the horses showed AHR based on the FP test but not FOM, including two horses with normal BALF cytology.
  • The FP test was found to diagnose AHR more often than FOM (A significant difference found with a p-value < 0.05).

Conclusions

  • The study concludes that the FP test diagnosed AHR more frequently than the FOM test, including in horses with no other diagnostic evidence of EA.
  • Thus, these two testing modalities for AHR cannot be used interchangeably without further evaluation.

Cite This Article

APA
Dixon CE, Bedenice D, Mazan MR. (2021). Comparison of Flowmetric Plethysmography and Forced Oscillatory Mechanics to Measure Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Horses. Front Vet Sci, 7, 511023. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.511023

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 7
Pages: 511023
PII: 511023

Researcher Affiliations

Dixon, Claire E
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, United States.
Bedenice, Daniela
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, United States.
Mazan, Melissa R
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, United States.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 6 times.
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