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Home / Equine Research Bank / Am J Vet Res / Comparison of the osteogenic potential of equine mesenchymal...
American journal of veterinary research2010; 71(10); 1237-1245; doi: 10.2460/ajvr.71.10.1237

Comparison of the osteogenic potential of equine mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord blood, and umbilical cord tissue.

Abstract: To determine the optimal osteogenic source of equine mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs) and optimize collection of and expansion conditions for those cells. Methods: 10 adult Quarter Horses and 8 newborn Thoroughbred foals. Methods: eMSCs were isolated from bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue, and umbilical cord blood and tissue, and the osteogenic potential of each type was assessed. Effects of anatomic site, aspiration volume, and serum type on eMSC yield from BM were investigated. Results: BM-eMSCs had the highest overall expression of the osteogenic genes Cbfa1, Osx, and Omd and staining for ALP activity and calcium deposition. There was no significant difference in BM-eMSC yield from the tuber coxae or sternum, but yield was significantly greater from the first 60-mL aspirate than from subsequent aspirates. The BM-eMSC expansion rate was significantly higher when cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum instead of autologous serum (AS). Conclusions: eMSCs from BM possessed the highest in vitro osteogenic potential; eMSCs from adipose tissue also had robust osteogenic potential. The tuber coxae and the sternum were viable sources of BM-eMSCs in yearlings, and 60 mL of BM aspirate was sufficient for culture and expansion. Expanding BM-eMSCs in AS to avoid potential immunologic reactions decreased the total yield because BM-eMSCs grew significantly slower in AS than in fetal bovine serum. Additional studies are needed to determine optimal ex vivo eMSC culture and expansion conditions, including the timing and use of growth factor—supplemented AS.
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Publication Date: 2010-10-06 PubMed ID: 20919913DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.71.10.1237Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the best source of equine mesenchymal stem cells (a type of stem cell in mammals) for bone regeneration, comparing cells from bone marrow, fat tissue, and umbilical cord blood and tissue. The findings suggest mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow have the highest potential for bone growth.

Research Scope and Methodology

  • The study aimed at determining the best source of equine mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs). The sources compared were bone marrow, adipose (fat) tissue, umbilical cord blood, and umbilical cord tissue. The research also aimed to optimize the process of collecting and expanding these cells for the best potential yield of eMSCs.
  • The study animals comprised 10 adult Quarter Horses and 8 newborn Thoroughbred foals. eMSCs were extracted from all the sources and their potential to form bone cells (osteogenic potential) was assessed.
  • The research also studied the effect of the anatomical site from which bone marrow was aspirated, the volume of the aspiration, and the type of serum used on the yield of eMSCs from the bone marrow.

Major Findings

  • The research revealed that eMSCs from the bone marrow displayed the highest expression of osteogenic genes, including Cbfa1, Osx, and Omd. These genes play a vital role in the formation of bone cells. Additionally, these cells showed high staining for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition, both of which are critical indicators of bone formation.
  • There were no significant differences in the yield of eMSCs whether the bone marrow was sourced from the ‘tuber coxae’ (hip bone) or the sternum (breastbone). However, the yield was notably higher from the first 60-mL bone marrow aspiration than from subsequent aspirations.
  • The growth rate of the eMSCs from bone marrow in lab conditions was significantly higher when cultured in fetal bovine serum as compared to in autologous serum (taken from the same individual horse).
  • Despite its high growth rate in fetal bovine serum, the study suggests using autologous serum to prevent any potential immunological reactions, although this resulted in slower cell growth and hence, a lower yield.

Conclusions and Future Research

  • The best source of eMSCs with the highest osteogenic potential in vitro (in artificial conditions outside a living organism) was found to be from the bone marrow, with adipose tissue also showing respectable potential.
  • The optimal amount of bone marrow aspiration to achieve a sufficient number of cells for culture and expansion was found to be about 60 mL.
  • The study, however, suggests additional research to establish the best ex vivo (outside the living body but in an environment similar to that in the body) culture and expansion conditions for eMSCs. This includes determining the ideal timing and use of growth factor supplemented autologous serum.

Cite This Article

APA
Toupadakis CA, Wong A, Genetos DC, Cheung WK, Borjesson DL, Ferraro GL, Galuppo LD, Leach JK, Owens SD, Yellowley CE. (2010). Comparison of the osteogenic potential of equine mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord blood, and umbilical cord tissue. Am J Vet Res, 71(10), 1237-1245. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.71.10.1237

Publication

American journal of veterinary research
ISSN: 0002-9645
NlmUniqueID: 0375011
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 71
Issue: 10
Pages: 1237-1245

Researcher Affiliations

Toupadakis, Chrisoula A
  • Department of Anatomy, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Wong, Alice
    Genetos, Damian C
      Cheung, Whitney K
        Borjesson, Dori L
          Ferraro, Gregory L
            Galuppo, Lawrence D
              Leach, J Kent
                Owens, Sean D
                  Yellowley, Clare E

                    MeSH Terms

                    • Adipose Tissue / cytology
                    • Animals
                    • Bone Marrow Cells / physiology
                    • Cell Differentiation
                    • Fetal Blood / cytology
                    • Horses
                    • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / cytology
                    • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / physiology
                    • Osteogenesis / physiology
                    • Umbilical Cord / cytology

                    Citations

                    This article has been cited 55 times.
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