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Frontiers in veterinary science2020; 7; 434; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00434

Computed Tomography (CT)-Assisted 3D Cephalometry in Horses: Interincisal Angulation of Clinical Crowns.

Abstract: The angle encompassed between opposing incisors in horses is assumed to decline with age. Previous studies merely consider the overall profile view of clinical crowns presuming a generalized angle, neglecting potential tooth position-dependent differences. Cephalometric measurements from 3D computed tomographic thick-slab reconstructions of single incisors within a global reference frame were used to determine clinical crown interincisal angulation (IIA) of 48 horses. Based on predefined dentoalveolar landmarks, IIA was defined as the angle enclosed by the respective labial axis of the clinical crown (LACC). A measurement repeatability analysis was conducted including a comparison of third incisor teeth IIA with data obtained by cephalometric implementation of previously described landmarks for third incisor teeth (lingual/palatal border). The age-related angle course and differences between tooth positions were investigated considering LACCs of permanent incisors. Determining IIA by LACCs exhibited a high level of reproducibility applying for all tooth positions (mean coefficient of variation = 0.65 %; mean SD ± 0.89°). The comparison method for third incisor teeth revealed two times higher mean dispersion of repeated measurements, = 0.017. A non-linear model slightly increased predictability of angular changes over time as against linearity assumption. The angle decline was more distinctive in younger horses and appears to approach a final value in older ones. Third incisor teeth exhibited significantly higher angle decline compared to first and second incisor teeth, < 0.0001. According to the results, age determination of horses using clinical crown IIA is not recommended. Rather, 3D cephalometry may provide a promising tool to determine interdental and dentofacial angles of distinct tooth positions in health and disease.
Copyright © 2020 Kau, Failing and Staszyk.
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Publication Date: 2020-07-29 PubMed ID: 32851019PubMed Central: PMC7403475DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00434Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study examines the angle between opposing horse teeth, believed to decrease with age. Using 3D CT imaging to measure these angles, the researchers found that current age estimation methods based on this angle are inaccurate. Instead, the concept of 3D cephalometry could be a more effective tool to determine dental and facial angles in health and disease contexts.

Objective of the Study

  • The research aims to determine the interincisal angulation (IIA)—the angle between opposite incisors of horse teeth and the changes in this angle over time, especially when considering the differences in tooth positions.

Methodology

  • This study uses 3D Computerized Tomography (CT) based cephalometric measurements obtained from thick-slab reconstructions of single horse tooth within a collective reference frame.
  • The researchers examined the teeth of 48 horses to determine the clinical crown IIA.
  • To measure IIA, the labial axis of the clinical crown (LACC) was considered, and the study also tested the repeatability of these measurements.
  • A comparison was made using previously described landmarks for the third incisor teeth (lingual/palatal border).
  • The course of the age-based angle and differences between tooth positions were investigated, taking into account the LACCs of permanent incisors.
  • A non-linear model was used to improve the predictability of angular changes over time compared with linearity assumptions.

Findings

  • The study found a high level of reproducibility in determining IIA by LACCs for all tooth positions.
  • The measurement method for third incisor teeth showed a twice-higher mean dispersion of repeated measurements.
  • Age-related angle decline was more pronounced in younger horses and seemed to reach a constant value in older ones.
  • The angle reduction was significantly larger for the third incisor teeth compared to the first and second incisors.

Conclusions

  • The research concludes that age determination of horses using clinical crown IIA is not recommended due to its unreliability.
  • Instead, 3D cephalometry could serve as a promising tool to determine interdental and dentofacial angles of unique tooth positions in both health and disease contexts.

Cite This Article

APA
Kau S, Failing K, Staszyk C. (2020). Computed Tomography (CT)-Assisted 3D Cephalometry in Horses: Interincisal Angulation of Clinical Crowns. Front Vet Sci, 7, 434. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00434

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 7
Pages: 434
PII: 434

Researcher Affiliations

Kau, Silvio
  • Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Topographic Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany.
Failing, Klaus
  • Unit for Biomathemathics and Data Processing, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany.
Staszyk, Carsten
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany.

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Citations

This article has been cited 5 times.
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  3. Sellke L, Ludewig E, Handschuh S, Witter K. Measuring Equine Hooves in Radiographs and Computed Tomography Images Reveals Unexpected Size Differences. Anat Histol Embryol 2026 Jan;55(1):e70073.
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