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Home/Equine Research Bank/J Exp Biol/Determination of peak vertical ground reaction force from du...
The Journal of experimental biology2004; 207(Pt 21); 3639-3648; doi: 10.1242/jeb.01182

Determination of peak vertical ground reaction force from duty factor in the horse (Equus caballus).

Abstract: Measurement of peak vertical ground reaction force (GRFz) from multiple limbs simultaneously during high-speed, over-ground locomotion would enhance our understanding of the locomotor mechanics of cursorial animals. Here, we evaluate the accuracy of predicting peak GRFz from duty factor (the proportion of the stride for which the limb is in contact with the ground). Foot-mounted uniaxial accelerometers, combined with UHF FM telemetry, are shown to be practical and accurate for the field measurement of stride timing variables, including duty factor. Direct comparison with the force plate produces a mean error of 2.3 ms and 3.5 ms for the timing of foot on and foot off, respectively, across all gaits. Predictions of peak GRFz from duty factor show mean errors (with positive values indicating an overestimate) of 0.8+/-0.04 N kg(-1) (13%; N=42; mean +/- S.E.M.) at walk, -0.3+/-0.06 N kg(-1) (3%; N=75) at trot, -2.3+/-0.27 N kg(-1) (16%; N=18) for the non-lead limb at canter and +2.1+/-0.7 N kg(-1) (19%; N=9) for the lead limb at canter. The substantial over- and underestimate seen at canter, in the lead and non-lead limbs, respectively, is attributed to the different functions performed by the two limbs in the asymmetrical gaits. The difference in load experienced by the lead and non-lead limbs decreased with increasing speed.
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Publication Date: 2004-09-17 PubMed ID: 15371472DOI: 10.1242/jeb.01182Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research aims to accurately predict the peak vertical ground reaction force (GRFz) from the duty factor in horses. This is achieved using foot-mounted uniaxial accelerometers and UHF FM telemetry and their results show a mean error of 2.3 ms and 3.5 ms for timing of foot on and off respectively. They also noticed substantial over- and underestimated predictions at canter in lead and non-lead limbs due to the varied functions performed by both limbs in asymmetrical gaits.

Research Objective

  • The study is focused on using the duty factor and stride timing variables to predict the peak vertical ground reaction force (GRFz) in horses during high-speed, over-ground locomotion.
  • The researchers aim to enhance the understanding on the locomotor mechanics of cursorial animals by measuring GRFz from multiple limbs simultaneously.

Methodology

  • The researchers used foot-mounted uniaxial accelerometers and Ultra-High Frequency Frequency Modulation (UHF FM) telemetry to measure stride timing variables, including the duty factor.
  • The duty factor is the proportion of the stride for which the limb is in contact with the ground.
  • Duty factor and stride timing variables from the accelerometers and telemetry data were directly compared with force plate measurements to obtain errors.

Findings

  • The prediction method showed a mean error of 2.3 milliseconds and 3.5 milliseconds for the timing of foot on and foot off respectively across all gaits.
  • Prediction errors for peak GRFz from the duty factor were noted for different gaits: 13% at walk, 3% at trot, 16% for the non-lead limb at canter, and 19% for the lead limb at canter.
  • Over- and under-estimations at canter in lead and non-lead limbs were attributed to the varied functions performed by both limbs in asymmetrical gaits.
  • The researchers noted that the difference in load experienced by the lead and non-lead limbs decreased with increasing speed.

Conclusion

  • The proposed method can predict peak GRFz from the duty factor, but the accuracy differs depending on the gait and the role of the limb (lead or non-lead) at canter.
  • The results provide valuable insights into the locomotor mechanics of cursorial animals, particularly horses, and can be used to improve training and injury prevention strategies.

Cite This Article

APA
Witte TH, Knill K, Wilson AM. (2004). Determination of peak vertical ground reaction force from duty factor in the horse (Equus caballus). J Exp Biol, 207(Pt 21), 3639-3648. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01182

Publication

The Journal of experimental biology
ISSN: 0022-0949
NlmUniqueID: 0243705
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 207
Issue: Pt 21
Pages: 3639-3648

Researcher Affiliations

Witte, T H
  • Structure and Motion Lab, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK.
Knill, K
    Wilson, A M

      MeSH Terms

      • Acceleration
      • Animals
      • Biomechanical Phenomena
      • Forelimb / physiology
      • Gait
      • Hindlimb / physiology
      • Horses / physiology
      • Locomotion / physiology
      • Telemetry
      • Time Factors

      Citations

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