FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Translational animal science2021; 5(1); txab017; doi: 10.1093/tas/txab017

Effect of bioactive proteins on gait kinematics and systemic inflammatory markers in mature horses.

Abstract: Twenty-seven mature Quarter horses were used in a randomized design to determine the effects of bioactive protein supplementation on gait kinematics and systemic inflammatory markers in a 34-d trial. Treatments consisted of oral doses of 230 g/d of pelleted supplements containing 0 g (CON; = 9), 40 g of bioactive protein (40BP; = 9; LIFELINE, APC, LLC, Ankeny, IA), and 80 g of bioactive protein (80BP; = 9) daily. Horses were fed a commercial concentrate at 0.5% BW (as-fed) and received coastal bermudagrass () hay daily. On day 33, horses consistent in exercise (CON, = 6; 40BP, = 8; 80BP, = 7) participated in a trailering and riding challenge. Kinematic gait analysis was performed on day 0 for use as a covariate, and on day 14, 28, and 34 to allow for the determination of potential time and dosage effects. Video footage was collected and analyzed using gait analysis software (EquineTec, Monroe, GA) for the determination of stride length (SL) and range of motion (ROM). Blood was collected via jugular venipuncture on days 0, 14, 28, and 34 for determination of systemic expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-1β. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. A trend towards treatment × time interaction was observed in ROM of the knee at the walk ( = 0.10), due to the increasing ROM for 40BP and 80BP as time increased and decreasing ROM for CON. A treatment × time interaction was observed ( < 0.01) for hock ROM at a walk resulting from CON and 80BP decreasing from day 14 to 28 with 40BP increasing, while from day 28 to 34 ROM at a walk decreased for 40BP and increased for 80BP. The main effect of treatment on hock ROM at the walk was quadratic ( < 0.01) and characterized by higher ROM values for 40BP compared to CON or 80BP. Dietary treatment lengthened ( = 0.04) SL of the hind limb at the walk for 40BP and 80BP compared to CON on both days 14 and 28. A significant treatment × time interaction was observed in the expression of IL-1β ( < 0.01) and can be explained by lower concentrations of IL-1β for 80BP on day 34 compared to the other treatments, with 40BP being intermediate and CON being the highest. Increased articular ROM with decreased expression of IL-1β may indicate potential anti-inflammatory effects of 80 g/d of bioactive proteins.
© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2021-02-08 PubMed ID: 33748684PubMed Central: PMC7963040DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab017Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research tests whether bioactive protein supplements alter how horses move and levels of inflammation indicators in their bodies. The study found that horses given certain doses of the supplement showed greater movement range and lower inflammatory marker concentration, suggesting potential anti-inflammatory benefits.

Research design and subjects

  • The study involved 27 mature Quarter horses and spanned over a period of 34 days.
  • The horses were randomly assigned to three groups. Two groups received different doses of supplements containing bioactive proteins, and one group (CON) received no bioactive proteins.
  • The designated daily doses were 0 grams (CON), 40 grams (40BP), and 80 grams (80BP) of bioactive proteins.
  • All horses fed on a commercial concentrate and received coastal bermudagrass hay daily.

Experimental procedures

  • On the 33rd day, some horses from each group participated in a trailering and riding challenge. These horses’ exercise regimen was kept consistent throughout the study.
  • Gait kinematics (the study of how the horses moved) was recorded, analyzed and used as a determinant for time and dosage effects.
  • Video footage was collected to measure stride length (SL) and range of motion (ROM).
  • Blood was drawn intermittently for analysis of systemic expression of inflammation markers, in this case, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-1β.

Results

  • The data showed an observable trend toward interaction between supplement treatment and time in knee ROM while walking.
  • There was an interaction between the type of treatment and time for hock ROM at a walk.
  • Horses who received 40 grams of bioactive proteins showed higher hock ROM values when compared to the other two groups.
  • The supplement lengthened the stride length of the hind limb in the horses who received 40 to 80 grams of the bioactive proteins.
  • A significant treatment-time interaction affected IL-1β expression. The horses on 80BP exhibited lower concentrations of IL-1β on the 34th day as compared to the horses in the other two groups.

Conclusions

  • The observable increase in the range of motion alongside the decrease in the IL-1β expression indicates potential anti-inflammatory effects from consuming 80 grams per day of bioactive proteins.

Cite This Article

APA
Fikes KK, Coverdale JA, Leatherwood JL, Campbell JM, Welsh TH, Hartz CJ, Goehring M, Millican AA, Bradbery AN, Wickersham TA. (2021). Effect of bioactive proteins on gait kinematics and systemic inflammatory markers in mature horses. Transl Anim Sci, 5(1), txab017. https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txab017

Publication

Translational animal science
ISSN: 2573-2102
NlmUniqueID: 101738705
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 5
Issue: 1
Pages: txab017
PII: txab017

Researcher Affiliations

Fikes, K K
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.
Coverdale, J A
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.
Leatherwood, J L
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.
Campbell, J M
  • APC, LLC, Ankeny, IA 50021, USA.
Welsh, T H
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.
Hartz, C J
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.
Goehring, M
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.
Millican, A A
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.
Bradbery, A N
  • Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
Wickersham, T A
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.

References

This article includes 30 references
  1. Ahvazi SP, Sadeghi H, Gholami M. The effect of eight weeks of flexibility training on step length, range of motion, and a balance of middle-aged men and women with ectomorph and endomorph body types.. Eur. J. Exp. Bio. 4(1):278–282.
  2. Andersen LL, Jay K, Andersen CH, Jakobsen MD, Sundstrup E, Topp R, Behm DG. Acute effects of massage or active exercise in relieving muscle soreness: randomized controlled trial.. J Strength Cond Res 2013 Dec;27(12):3352-9.
    doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182908610pubmed: 23524365google scholar: lookup
  3. Beski SS, Swick RA, Iji PA. Effect of dietary inclusion of spray-dried porcine plasma on performance, some physiological and immunological response of broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella sofia.. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016 Oct;100(5):957-66.
    doi: 10.1111/jpn.12414pubmed: 26613960google scholar: lookup
  4. Bischoff HA, Roos EM. Effectiveness and safety of strengthening, aerobic, and coordination exercises for patients with osteoarthritis.. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2003 Mar;15(2):141-4.
    doi: 10.1097/00002281-200303000-00010pubmed: 12598802google scholar: lookup
  5. Bosi P, Casini L, Finamore A, Cremokolini C, Merialdi G, Trevisi P, Nobili F, Mengheri E. Spray-dried plasma improves growth performance and reduces inflammatory status of weaned pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88.. J Anim Sci 2004 Jun;82(6):1764-72.
    doi: 10.2527/2004.8261764xpubmed: 15217004google scholar: lookup
  6. Braun WA, Dutto DJ. The effects of a single bout of downhill running and ensuing delayed onset of muscle soreness on running economy performed 48 h later.. Eur J Appl Physiol 2003 Sep;90(1-2):29-34.
    doi: 10.1007/s00421-003-0857-8pubmed: 12783232google scholar: lookup
  7. Campbell JM, Polo J, Russell LE, Crenshaw JD. Review of spray-dried plasma’s impact on intestinal barrier function.. Liv. Sci. 133:239–241.
    doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2010.06.075google scholar: lookup
  8. Chateau H, Camus M, Holden-Douilly L, Falala S, Ravary B, Vergari C, Lepley J, Denoix JM, Pourcelot P, Crevier-Denoix N. Kinetics of the forelimb in horses circling on different ground surfaces at the trot.. Vet J 2013 Dec;198 Suppl 1:e20-6.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.09.028pubmed: 24511634google scholar: lookup
  9. Chateau H, Holden L, Robin D, Falala S, Pourcelot P, Estoup P, Denoix JM, Crevier-Denoix N. Biomechanical analysis of hoof landing and stride parameters in harness trotter horses running on different tracks of a sand beach (from wet to dry) and on an asphalt road.. Equine Vet J Suppl 2010 Nov;(38):488-95.
    doi: 10.111/j.2042-3306.2010.00277.xpubmed: 21059050google scholar: lookup
  10. Clayton HM. Locomition.. In: Jones W. E., editor, Equine sports medicine. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; p. 149–187.
  11. Coverdale JA, Campbell JM. Administration of bioactive proteins to mature horses improves gait kinematics.. J. Anim. Sci. 92:599.
  12. Coverdale JA, Campbell JM. Influence of bioactive proteins in varying doses on gait kinematics in mature horses.. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 35:416.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.03.087google scholar: lookup
  13. Friend TH. Dehydration, stress, and water consumption of horses during long-distance commercial transport.. J Anim Sci 2000 Oct;78(10):2568-80.
    doi: 10.2527/2000.78102568xpubmed: 11048922google scholar: lookup
  14. Frisbie DD, Morisset S, Ho CP, Rodkey WG, Steadman JR, McIlwraith CW. Effects of calcified cartilage on healing of chondral defects treated with microfracture in horses.. Am J Sports Med 2006 Nov;34(11):1824-31.
    doi: 10.1177/0363546506289882pubmed: 16832126google scholar: lookup
  15. Henneke DR, Potter GD, Kreider JL, Yeates BF. Relationship between condition score, physical measurements and body fat percentage in mares.. Equine Vet J 1983 Oct;15(4):371-2.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1983.tb01826.xpubmed: 6641685google scholar: lookup
  16. Lee J, Goldfarb AH, Rescino MH, Hegde S, Patrick S, Apperson K. Eccentric exercise effect on blood oxidative-stress markers and delayed onset of muscle soreness.. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002 Mar;34(3):443-8.
    doi: 10.1097/00005768-200203000-00010pubmed: 11880808google scholar: lookup
  17. Leveille GA, Sauberlich HE. Influence of dietary protein level on serum protein components and cholesterol in the growing chick.. J. Nutr. 74(4):500–504.
    doi: 10.1093/jn/74.4.500google scholar: lookup
  18. McIlwraith CW, Frisbie DD, Kawcak CE. The horse as a model of naturally occurring osteoarthritis.. Bone Joint Res 2012 Nov;1(11):297-309.
    doi: 10.1302/2046--3758.111.2000132pmc: PMC3626203pubmed: 23610661google scholar: lookup
  19. Miglio A, Morelli C, Maresca C, Felici A, Di Gianbattista A, Antognoni MT. Serum protein concentrations and protein fractions in clinically healthy Italian Heavy Draft Horses using agarose gel electrophoresis.. Vet Clin Pathol 2019 Dec;48(4):677-682.
    doi: 10.1111/vcp.12793pubmed: 31680291google scholar: lookup
  20. Moretó M, Pérez-Bosque A. Dietary plasma proteins, the intestinal immune system, and the barrier functions of the intestinal mucosa.. J Anim Sci 2009 Apr;87(14 Suppl):E92-100.
    doi: 10.2527/jas.2008-1381pmc: PMC7109928pubmed: 18820151google scholar: lookup
  21. NRC. Nutrient requirements of horses.. 6th rev. ed. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
  22. Oseguera-Toledo ME, deMejia EG, Reynoso-Camancho R, Cardador-Martinez A, Amaya-Llano SL. Proteins and bioactive peptides: mechanisms of action on diabetes management.. Nutrafoods 13:147–157.
    doi: 10.1007/s13749-014-0052-zgoogle scholar: lookup
  23. Pérez-Bosque A, Pelegrí C, Vicario M, Castell M, Russell L, Campbell JM, Quigley JD 3rd, Polo J, Amat C, Moretó M. Dietary plasma protein affects the immune response of weaned rats challenged with S. aureus Superantigen B.. J Nutr 2004 Oct;134(10):2667-72.
    pmc: PMC7107471pubmed: 15465764doi: 10.1093/jn/134.10.2667google scholar: lookup
  24. Pérez-Bosque A, Miró L, Amat C, Polo J, Moretó M. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Spray-Dried Plasma Is Mediated by a Reduction in Mucosal Lymphocyte Activation and Infiltration in a Mouse Model of Intestinal Inflammation.. Nutrients 2016 Oct 22;8(10).
    doi: 10.3390/n脀657pmc: PMC5084043pubmed: 27782068google scholar: lookup
  25. Rawson ES, Gunn B, Clarkson PM. The effects of creatine supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage.. J Strength Cond Res 2001 May;15(2):178-84.
    doi: 10.12965/jer.150237pubmed: 11710402google scholar: lookup
  26. Schieber MN, Pipinos II, Johanning JM, Casale GP, Williams MA, DeSpiegelaere HK, Senderling B, Myers SA. Supervised walking exercise therapy improves gait biomechanics in patients with peripheral artery disease.. J Vasc Surg 2020 Feb;71(2):575-583.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.05.044pmc: PMC7012697pubmed: 31443974google scholar: lookup
  27. Sumer EU, Schaller S, Sondergaard BC, Tankó LB, Qvist P. Application of biomarkers in the clinical development of new drugs for chondroprotection in destructive joint diseases: a review.. Biomarkers 2006 Nov-Dec;11(6):485-506.
    doi: 10.1080/13547500600886115pubmed: 17056470google scholar: lookup
  28. Van Engen NK, Coetzee JF. Effects of transportation on cattle health and production: a review.. Anim Health Res Rev 2018 Dec;19(2):142-154.
    doi: 10.1017/S1466252318000075pubmed: 30460889google scholar: lookup
  29. Walther B, Sieber R. Bioactive proteins and peptides in foods.. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2011 Mar;81(2-3):181-92.
    doi: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000054pubmed: 22139569google scholar: lookup
  30. Wessely-Szponder J, Bełkot Z, Bobowiec R, Kosior-Korzecka U, Wójcik M. Transport induced inflammatory responses in horses.. Pol J Vet Sci 2015;18(2):407-13.
    doi: 10.1515/pjvs-2015-0052pubmed: 26172192google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Mowry KC, Thomson-Parker TL, Morales C, Fikes KK, Stutts KJ, Leatherwood JL, Anderson MJ, Smith RX, Suagee-Bedore JK. Effects of Crude Rice Bran Oil and a Flaxseed Oil Blend in Young Horses Engaged in a Training Program. Animals (Basel) 2022 Nov 2;12(21).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12213006pubmed: 36359130google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,928 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.