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Home / Equine Research Bank / PLoS One / Effects of breed, management and personality on cortisol rea...
PloS one2019; 14(12); e0221794; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221794

Effects of breed, management and personality on cortisol reactivity in sport horses.

Abstract: Sport horses need to fulfill high physical and psychological requirements during training and competition. These as well as certain conditions of modern husbandry may affect their wellbeing. Here we aimed to (1) evaluate effects of demographic and management factors as well as personality traits on stress reactivity of sport horses, (2) investigate if elite sport horses have elevated stress levels compared to amateur sport horses, and (3) assess whether different equestrian disciplines differentially influence equine adrenal cortex responsiveness. For this purpose, we visited 149 healthy elite (n = 94) and amateur (n = 54) sport horses in Switzerland and performed an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test. Additionally, a person who was familiar with the horse completed a questionnaire about demographic and management factors and their horses' personality traits. Linear models were calculated to assess associations between the questionnaire data and salivary cortisol 60 (T60) and 90 (T90) minutes after ACTH stimulation. While the model at T90 was not significant, post-stimulatory cortisol after 60 minutes appears most informative in line with a previous study and was significantly affected by the breed and by three management factors: "number of riders", "hours spent outside" and "group housing" (adjusted r2 = 15%, p<0.001). Thoroughbred and Warmblood horses displayed an increased adrenal response compared to Franches-Montagnes horses. Horses with several riders had a less pronounced reaction than horses with one rider, and horses that spent more time outside had a decreased response compared to horses that were stabled most of the time. Horses living in groups showed higher post-stimulatory cortisol values than horses that were housed singly. However, no significant associations of cortisol responsiveness with personality traits were found, and neither the use as elite or as amateur sport horses nor the discipline had an effect on the cortisol response. This suggests that optimizing husbandry conditions may be more important for improving equine welfare than changing their use.
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Publication Date: 2019-12-02 PubMed ID: 31790402PubMed Central: PMC6886778DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221794Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses the influence of breed, management styles, and personality traits on the stress reactivity of sport horses. While no significant association was found between the horse’s stress levels and its professional level (elite or amateur) or discipline, certain breeds and management factors had clear effects on the horse’s cortisol response.

Breed and Management Factors

  • The study involved 149 sport horses in Switzerland, all of which were subjected to an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test. This test measures the cortisol level in the horse’s saliva 60 and 90 minutes after ACTH stimulation, a reliable indication of equine stress reactivity.
  • Findings indicate that the breed of the horse plays a significant role in its adrenal response. Thoroughbred and Warmblood horses displayed a higher stress response compared to Franches-Montagnes horses.
  • Regarding management factors, horses with multiple riders were observed to have a less pronounced stress reaction as compared to those with a single rider. This could be because horses with multiple riders can experience varied handling styles, promoting adaptability and reducing stress reactions.
  • Horses that spent more time outdoors had a reduced stress response compared to those that were kept most of the time in stables. This suggests that providing horses with opportunities for outdoor activity has a positive effect on reducing their stress responses.
  • The study also found that horses living in groups exhibited higher cortisol levels after stimulation than those housed individually, indicating increased stress levels among group-housed horses. The social dynamics within a group might contribute to these stress levels.

Personality Traits, Professional Level, and Discipline

  • While the study sought to understand the impact of personality traits on equine stress, it found no evidence to suggest a significant association between the two.
  • Additionally, the research revealed no significant distinction in stress reactivity between the sampled elite sport horses and the amateur ones. This contradicts the common assumption that performance-level horses are likely to experience higher stress levels.
  • Moreover, the type of equestrian discipline that the horse was trained in did not influence its cortisol response either. This indicates that the core training aspect of a horse’s routine doesn’t seem to contribute notably to its stress reactivity.

Implication for Equine Welfare

  • The study concludes that optimizing husbandry conditions is far more critical for improving equine welfare than altering their use or discipline. Thus, breeders, owners, and trainers should focus on providing good management conditions including adequate exposure to outdoors, balanced rider assignments, and mindful group housing arrangements to reduce stress among sport horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Sauer FJ, Hermann M, Ramseyer A, Burger D, Riemer S, Gerber V. (2019). Effects of breed, management and personality on cortisol reactivity in sport horses. PLoS One, 14(12), e0221794. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221794

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 12
Pages: e0221794
PII: e0221794

Researcher Affiliations

Sauer, Fay J
  • Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Swiss Institute for Equine Medicine (ISME), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, and Agroscope, Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Hermann, Marco
  • Pferdemedizin Hermann GmbH, Niederlenz, Aargau, Switzerland.
Ramseyer, Alessandra
  • Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Swiss Institute for Equine Medicine (ISME), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, and Agroscope, Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Burger, Dominik
  • Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Swiss Institute for Equine Medicine (ISME), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, and Agroscope, Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Riemer, Stefanie
  • Division of Animal Welfare, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Gerber, Vinzenz
  • Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Swiss Institute for Equine Medicine (ISME), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, and Agroscope, Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Female
  • Horses / classification
  • Horses / metabolism
  • Horses / psychology
  • Hydrocortisone / metabolism
  • Male
  • Personality
  • Sports
  • Stress, Psychological / metabolism
  • Stress, Psychological / psychology

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. As an equine private practitioner, MH owns an equine private practice called 'Pferdemedizin Hermann GmbH'. This commercial affiliation does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

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