Energetics of endurance exercise in young horses determined by nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics.
Abstract: Long-term endurance exercise severely affects metabolism in both human and animal athletes resulting in serious risk of metabolic disorders during or after competition. Young horses (up to 6 years old) can compete in races up to 90 km despite limited scientific knowledge of energetic metabolism responses to long distance exercise in these animals. The hypothesis of this study was that there would be a strong effect of endurance exercise on the metabolomic profiles of young horses and that the energetic metabolism response in young horses would be different from that of more experienced horses. Metabolomic profiling is a powerful method that combines Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrometry with supervised Orthogonal Projection on Latent Structure (OPLS) statistical analysis. (1)H-NMR spectra were obtained from plasma samples drawn from young horses (before and after competition). The spectra obtained before and after the race from the same horse (92 samples) were compared using OPLS. The statistical parameters showed the robustness of the model (R2Y = 0.947, Q2Y = 0.856 and cros-validated ANOVA p < 0.001). For confirmation of the predictive value of the model, a test set of 104 sample spectra were projected by the model, which provided perfect predictions as the area under the receiving-operator curve was 1. The metabolomic profile determined with the OPLS model showed that glycemia after the race was lower than glycemia before the race, despite the involvement of lipid and protein catabolism. An OPLS model was calculated to compare spectra obtained on plasma taken after the race from 6-year-old horses and from experienced horses (cross-validated ANOVA p < 0.001). The comparison of metabolomic profiles in young horses to those from experienced horses showed that experienced horses maintained their glycemia with higher levels of lactate and a decrease of plasma lipids after the race.
Publication Date: 2015-07-15 PubMed ID: 26347654PubMed Central: PMC4544308DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00198Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The study investigates how long-term endurance exercise affects the metabolism of young horses, using nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics. The researchers hypothesize that metabolomic profiles of young horses will significantly change due to endurance exercise and it would differ from the response seen in experienced horses.
Research methodology
- The researchers utilized an advanced method known as metabolomic profiling which entailed the use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrometry in conjunction with supervised Orthogonal Projection on Latent Structure (OPLS) statistical analysis.
- They collected blood plasma samples from the horses both before and after the race and obtained (1)H-NMR spectra from these samples. The same horse’s pre and post-race samples (a total of 92 samples) were then compared using OPLS.
- The robustness of the OPLS model was tested by comparing its accuracy in predicting the results of a test set of 104 sample spectra. The comparison showed perfect predictions as the area under the receiving-operator curve was 1.
Findings and implications
- The statistical results showed a significant metabolic shift after the race. Despite the involvement of lipid and protein catabolism, glycemia levels after the race were lower than those before the race.
- Another OPLS model was calculated to compare race-affect on plasma samples obtained from 6-year-old horses and those from experienced ones.
- When the post-race metabolomic profiles of young horses were compared to those of experienced horses, researchers found that the latter group had higher levels of lactate and reduced plasma lipids, which helped them maintain their glycemia levels post-race.
- This striking difference in energy metabolism suggests a difference in the energy utilization strategies or ability to metabolize food into energy, between young and experienced horses subjected to high intensity exercise.
- The findings are significant and may contribute to the effective training and health management of race horses, especially younger ones, as well as decreasing the risk of metabolic disorders due to excessive endurance exercise.
Cite This Article
APA
Luck MM, Le Moyec L, Barrey E, Triba MN, Bouchemal N, Savarin P, Robert C.
(2015).
Energetics of endurance exercise in young horses determined by nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics.
Front Physiol, 6, 198.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2015.00198 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Unité de Biologie Intégrative et Adaptation à l'Exercice EA 7362, Université d'Evry Val D'Essonne Evry, France.
- Unité de Biologie Intégrative et Adaptation à l'Exercice EA 7362, Université d'Evry Val D'Essonne Evry, France.
- Unité de Biologie Intégrative et Adaptation à l'Exercice EA 7362, Université d'Evry Val D'Essonne Evry, France ; Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, UMR1313, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Jouy-en-Josas, France.
- Chimie Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 7244 Bobigny, France.
- Chimie Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 7244 Bobigny, France.
- Chimie Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 7244 Bobigny, France.
- Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, UMR1313, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Jouy-en-Josas, France ; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris Est Maisons-Alfort, France.
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