FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Research in veterinary science2011; 91(1); 1-17; doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.05.004

Epizootic heamorragic disease.

Abstract: Epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) is an infectious non-contagious viral disease transmitted by insects of the genus Culicoides which affects wild and domestic ruminants. The causative agent, the epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), belongs to the family Reoviridae, genus Orbivirus and shares many morphological and structural characteristics with the other members of the genus such as bluetongue, African horse sickness and equine encephalosis viruses. In recent years EHD outbreaks have been reported in countries bordering the European Union. They caused disease in cattle and severe repercussion on the livestock industry of the affected countries. In the light of recent European bluetongue epizootic these events pose an increasing threat to the European Union. This review includes the most recent information regarding the virus and the disease as well as tools for its diagnosis and control. It is our conviction that more attention should be drawn to both EHDV and the disease itself in order to fulfil all these gaps and not to be unprepared in case future possible incursions.
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2011-06-12 PubMed ID: 21665237DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.05.004Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Review

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper is an update on the Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease (EHD), its cause, effects, and potential threat to the European Union, also highlighting the need for awareness and readiness against any probable outbreaks.

Overview of Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease (EHD)

  • EHD is stated to be a viral, infectious, but non-contagious disease that affects both wild and domestic ruminants. This implies that the disease isn’t passable from one animal to another through physical contact but spreads via certain insect vectors.
  • The causative agent of this disease is the EHD virus (EHDV), a member of the Reoviridae family, under the genus Orbivirus. This genus also includes other similar viruses causing diseases like bluetongue, African horse sickness, and equine encephalosis.

Recent Incidences and Threats

  • The research highlights that there have been recent EHD outbreaks in countries adjacent to the European Union, primarily affecting cattle and causing severe impacts on the affected countries’ livestock industry.
  • Considering the recent bluetongue epizootic in Europe, the research posits an increased threat from EHD to the European Union.

Diagnosis and Control Measures

  • The review includes the latest information about EHD, its virus, and the tools for its diagnosis and control. There is no specific suggestion about these tools in the abstract, implying that they are discussed in detail in the full paper.

Need for Attention

  • The researchers call for more attention towards EHD and the EHDV. They suggest that there are significant knowledge gaps that need to be addressed, hence the necessity for the scientific and veterinary communities to focus on this issue.
  • They emphasize being prepared to handle any potential EHD outbreaks, indicating the importance of proactive strategic planning and action.

Cite This Article

APA
Savini G, Afonso A, Mellor P, Aradaib I, Yadin H, Sanaa M, Wilson W, Monaco F, Domingo M. (2011). Epizootic heamorragic disease. Res Vet Sci, 91(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.05.004

Publication

Research in veterinary science
ISSN: 1532-2661
NlmUniqueID: 0401300
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 91
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-17

Researcher Affiliations

Savini, G
  • Istituto G. Caporale, Teramo, Italy. Electronic address: g.savini@izs.it.
Afonso, A
  • European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy.
Mellor, P
  • Institute of Animal Health, Pirbright, UK.
Aradaib, I
  • Molecular Biology Laboratory (MBL), Department of Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan.
Yadin, H
  • Department of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel.
Sanaa, M
  • Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail, France.
Wilson, W
  • USDA, AIRS, Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Laboratory, Laramie, WY, USA.
Monaco, F
  • Istituto G. Caporale, Teramo, Italy.
Domingo, M
  • Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Barcellona, Spain.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Arthropod Vectors
  • Cattle
  • Cattle Diseases / diagnosis
  • Cattle Diseases / economics
  • Cattle Diseases / epidemiology
  • Cattle Diseases / prevention & control
  • Ceratopogonidae
  • Deer
  • Europe / epidemiology
  • Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Epizootic
  • North America / epidemiology
  • Reoviridae Infections / diagnosis
  • Reoviridae Infections / epidemiology
  • Reoviridae Infections / prevention & control
  • Reoviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Ruminants

Citations

This article has been cited 81 times.
  1. Jurado S, Jiménez-Cabello L, Nuñez MDC, Utrilla-Trigo S, Calvo-Pinilla E, Mazuecos-Aragonés I, Gutierrez JR, Falcón A, Ortego J, Escribano JM. Structure-Guided Engineering of Protein VP2 from Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Maximizes Production and Confers Complete Protection as Subunit Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2025 Dec 20;14(1).
    doi: 10.3390/vaccines14010007pubmed: 41600923google scholar: lookup
  2. Slimen IB, Kalthoum S, Tlatli A, Sghaier S, Megdich A, Ncibi H, Salah CB, Arfaoui I, Dalhoumi MY, Sallami M, Gharbi R, Guesmi K, Hsan SB, Hadouchi S, Baccar MN. Seroprevalence and risk factors of epizootic hemorrhagic disease and bluetongue in Northwestern Tunisia: a comprehensive seroepidemiological study. BMC Vet Res 2026 Jan 24;22(1).
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-05160-6pubmed: 41580738google scholar: lookup
  3. De Leeuw I, Villalba R, Aguëro M, Mostin L, De Regge N. Influence of inoculation dose and route on EHDV-8 distribution and the induced immune response in experimentally infected cattle. Vet Res 2025 Nov 21;56(1):222.
    doi: 10.1186/s13567-025-01652-3pubmed: 41272767google scholar: lookup
  4. Ponce K, Jurado J, Ramirez M, Vargas-Rocha L, Navarro-Mamani DA. Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in cattle from the northern region of Peru: first serological report. J Vet Med Sci 2025 Oct 1;87(10):1180-1185.
    doi: 10.1292/jvms.25-0183pubmed: 40887300google scholar: lookup
  5. Arbi M, Harigua-Souiai E, Hanachi M, Larbi I, Chaouch M, Rjaibi D, Diouani MF, Benkahla A, Souiai O. Emergence and evolution of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in the Mediterranean region: spatio-temporal dynamics and epidemiological insights. Front Vet Sci 2025;12:1569244.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1569244pubmed: 40800231google scholar: lookup
  6. Yang Z, He Y, Meng J, Li S, Li N, Wang J, Song J. Isolation of four serotypes of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus from Culicoides spp. and their associated infections in cattle in Yunnan, China. mSphere 2025 Aug 26;10(8):e0027425.
    doi: 10.1128/msphere.00274-25pubmed: 40741778google scholar: lookup
  7. Zeiske S, Kampen H, Sick F, Dähn O, Voigt A, Heuser E, Beer M, Werner D, Wernike K. Monitoring of Schmallenberg virus, bluetongue virus and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus in biting midges in Germany 2019-2023. Parasit Vectors 2025 Jul 5;18(1):262.
    doi: 10.1186/s13071-025-06913-wpubmed: 40618098google scholar: lookup
  8. Díaz-Cao JM, López-Lorenzo G, López-Novo C, Díaz P, Remesar S, López C, Morrondo P, Fernández G, Prieto A. Description of the Clinical Findings Associated With the Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in Cattle From Northwestern Spain During the Emergence. Transbound Emerg Dis 2025;2025:7808243.
    doi: 10.1155/tbed/7808243pubmed: 40453457google scholar: lookup
  9. Anthonioz C, Abadie Y, Reversat E, Lafargue A, Delalande M, Renaudineau T, Delobel L, Verdeille N, Ngwa-Mbot D, Gache K, Garin E, Corbiere F. Heterogenous within-herd seroprevalence against epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus type 8 (EHDV-8) after massive virus circulation in cattle in France, 2023. Front Vet Sci 2025;12:1562883.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1562883pubmed: 40438411google scholar: lookup
  10. Hu XB, Xu J, Zhang Y, Meng FH, Tian ZC, Guan GQ, Luo JX, Yin H, Du JZ. Monoclonal antibody and B-cell epitope mapping of the VP7 protein in bluetongue virus. Virol J 2025 Apr 30;22(1):129.
    doi: 10.1186/s12985-025-02733-7pubmed: 40307924google scholar: lookup
  11. Bibard A, Martinetti D, Picado A, Chalvet-Monfray K, Porphyre T. Assessing the Risk of Windborne Dispersal of Culicoides Midges in Emerging Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Outbreaks in France. Transbound Emerg Dis 2024;2024:5571195.
    doi: 10.1155/2024/5571195pubmed: 40303085google scholar: lookup
  12. Barua S, Rana EA, Prodhan MA, Akter SH, Gogoi-Tiwari J, Sarker S, Annandale H, Eagles D, Abraham S, Uddin JM. The Global Burden of Emerging and Re-Emerging Orbiviruses in Livestock: An Emphasis on Bluetongue Virus and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus. Viruses 2024 Dec 26;17(1).
    doi: 10.3390/v17010020pubmed: 39861809google scholar: lookup
  13. Aboling S, Ahmed F, Kreisel G, Kamphues J, Cappai MG. Sardinian deer increase feeding diversity within sheltering vegetation in a fragmented Mediterranean landscape. Sci Rep 2024 Dec 18;14(1):30544.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-80818-zpubmed: 39695197google scholar: lookup
  14. Jiménez-Cabello L, Utrilla-Trigo S, Rodríguez-Sabando K, Carra-Valenzuela A, Illescas-Amo M, Calvo-Pinilla E, Ortego J. Vaccine candidates based on MVA viral vectors expressing VP2 or VP7 confer full protection against Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in IFNAR(-/-) mice. J Virol 2024 Dec 17;98(12):e0168724.
    doi: 10.1128/jvi.01687-24pubmed: 39508577google scholar: lookup
  15. Gubbins S. Using the basic reproduction ratio to quantify transmission and identify data gaps for epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus. R Soc Open Sci 2024 Oct;11(10):241217.
    doi: 10.1098/rsos.241217pubmed: 39479240google scholar: lookup
  16. Gondard M, Postic L, Garin E, Turpaud M, Vorimore F, Ngwa-Mbot D, Tran ML, Hoffmann B, Warembourg C, Savini G, Lorusso A, Marcacci M, Felten A, Roux AL, Blanchard Y, Zientara S, Vitour D, Sailleau C, Bréard E. Exceptional Bluetongue virus (BTV) and Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) circulation in France in 2023. Virus Res 2024 Dec;350:199489.
    doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199489pubmed: 39471970google scholar: lookup
  17. Zahri A, Ahlamine M, Abou-Elaaz FZ, Talimi H, El Berbri I, Balenghien T, Bourquia M. Diversity of biting midges, mosquitoes and sand flies at four dog shelters in rural and peri-urban areas of Central Morocco. Parasite 2024;31:57.
    doi: 10.1051/parasite/2024057pubmed: 39331804google scholar: lookup
  18. Chiuya T, Fèvre EM, Okumu NO, Abdi AM, Junglen S, Borgemeister C. Exposure to Arboviruses in Cattle: Seroprevalence of Rift Valley Fever, Bluetongue, and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Viruses and Risk Factors in Baringo County, Kenya. Pathogens 2024 Jul 24;13(8).
    doi: 10.3390/pathogens13080613pubmed: 39204214google scholar: lookup
  19. Savini G, Bonfini B, Spedicato M. Virus Neutralization Test for Detecting and Quantifying Serum-Neutralizing Antibodies to Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (EHDV) (Serotypes 1, 2, and 4-8). Methods Mol Biol 2024;2838:123-136.
    doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4035-7_7pubmed: 39126627google scholar: lookup
  20. Ruder MG, Howerth EW. Recognition of Field Signs, Necropsy Procedures, and Evaluation of Macroscopic Lesions of Cervids Infected with Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus. Methods Mol Biol 2024;2838:17-64.
    doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4035-7_2pubmed: 39126622google scholar: lookup
  21. Jiménez-Cabello L, Utrilla-Trigo S, Benavides-Silván J, Anguita J, Calvo-Pinilla E, Ortego J. IFNAR(-/-) Mice Constitute a Suitable Animal Model for Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Study and Vaccine Evaluation. Int J Biol Sci 2024;20(8):3076-3093.
    doi: 10.7150/ijbs.95275pubmed: 38904031google scholar: lookup
  22. Benn JS, Orange JP, Gomez JP, Dinh ETN, McGregor BL, Blosser EM, Burkett-Cadena ND, Wisely SM, Blackburn JK. Culicoides Midge Abundance across Years: Modeling Inter-Annual Variation for an Avian Feeder and a Candidate Vector of Hemorrhagic Diseases in Farmed Wildlife. Viruses 2024 May 11;16(5).
    doi: 10.3390/v16050766pubmed: 38793647google scholar: lookup
  23. He Y, Meng J, Li N, Li Z, Wang D, Kou M, Yang Z, Li Y, Zhang L, Wang J. Isolation of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 10 from Culicoides tainanus and Associated Infections in Livestock in Yunnan, China. Viruses 2024 Jan 24;16(2).
    doi: 10.3390/v16020175pubmed: 38399951google scholar: lookup
  24. Utrilla-Trigo S, Jiménez-Cabello L, Marín-López A, Illescas-Amo M, Andrés G, Calvo-Pinilla E, Lorenzo G, van Rijn PA, Ortego J, Nogales A. Engineering recombinant replication-competent bluetongue viruses expressing reporter genes for in vitro and non-invasive in vivo studies. Microbiol Spectr 2024 Mar 5;12(3):e0249323.
    doi: 10.1128/spectrum.02493-23pubmed: 38353566google scholar: lookup
  25. Kampen H, Werner D. Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as Vectors of Viruses. Microorganisms 2023 Nov 4;11(11).
    doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11112706pubmed: 38004718google scholar: lookup
  26. Shirafuji H, Murota K, Kishida N, Suda Y, Yanase T. Complete genome sequences of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotypes 5 and 6 isolated in Japan. Arch Virol 2023 Aug 14;168(9):230.
    doi: 10.1007/s00705-023-05853-zpubmed: 37578645google scholar: lookup
  27. Thabet S, Sghaier S, Ben Hassine T, Slama D, Ben Osmane R, Ben Omrane R, Mouelhi W, Spedicato M, Leone A, Teodori L, Curini V, Othmani M, Berjaoui S, Ripà P, Orabi M, Mohamed BB, Sayadi A, Slama SB, Marcacci M, Savini G, Lorusso A, Hammami S. Characterization of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 8 in Naturally Infected Barbary Deer (Cervus elaphus barbarus) and Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Tunisia. Viruses 2023 Jul 18;15(7).
    doi: 10.3390/v15071567pubmed: 37515253google scholar: lookup
  28. Lv MN, Zhu JB, Liao SQ, Yang ZX, Lin XH, Qi NS, Chen QL, Wu CY, Li J, Cai HM, Zhang JF, Hu JJ, Xiao WW, Zhang X, Sun MF. Seroprevalence of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus in Guangdong Cattle Farms during 2013-2017, China. Viruses 2023 May 28;15(6).
    doi: 10.3390/v15061263pubmed: 37376563google scholar: lookup
  29. Bréard E, Postic L, Gondard M, Bernelin-Cottet C, Le Roux A, Turpaud M, Lucas P, Blanchard Y, Vitour D, Bakkali-Kassimi L, Zientara S, Al Rawahi W, Sailleau C. Circulation of Bluetongue Virus Serotypes 1, 4, 8, 10 and 16 and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus in the Sultanate of Oman in 2020-2021. Viruses 2023 May 27;15(6).
    doi: 10.3390/v15061259pubmed: 37376559google scholar: lookup
  30. Jiménez-Cabello L, Utrilla-Trigo S, Lorenzo G, Ortego J, Calvo-Pinilla E. Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus: Current Knowledge and Emerging Perspectives. Microorganisms 2023 May 19;11(5).
    doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11051339pubmed: 37317313google scholar: lookup
  31. Lorusso A, Cappai S, Loi F, Pinna L, Ruiu A, Puggioni G, Guercio A, Purpari G, Vicari D, Sghaier S, Zientara S, Spedicato M, Hammami S, Ben Hassine T, Portanti O, Breard E, Sailleu C, Ancora M, Di Sabatino D, Morelli D, Calistri P, Savini G. Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 8, Italy, 2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2023 May;29(5):1063-1065.
    doi: 10.3201/eid2905.221773pubmed: 37081599google scholar: lookup
  32. Wessels JE, Ishida Y, Rivera NA, Stirewalt SL, Brown WM, Novakofski JE, Roca AL, Mateus-Pinilla NE. The Impact of Variation in the Toll-like Receptor 3 Gene on Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in Illinois Wild White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Genes (Basel) 2023 Feb 8;14(2).
    doi: 10.3390/genes14020426pubmed: 36833353google scholar: lookup
  33. Sghaier S, Sailleau C, Marcacci M, Thabet S, Curini V, Ben Hassine T, Teodori L, Portanti O, Hammami S, Jurisic L, Spedicato M, Postic L, Gazani I, Ben Osman R, Zientara S, Bréard E, Calistri P, Richt JA, Holmes EC, Savini G, Di Giallonardo F, Lorusso A. Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 8 in Tunisia, 2021. Viruses 2022 Dec 21;15(1).
    doi: 10.3390/v15010016pubmed: 36680057google scholar: lookup
  34. Jiménez-Cabello L, Utrilla-Trigo S, Barreiro-Piñeiro N, Pose-Boirazian T, Martínez-Costas J, Marín-López A, Ortego J. Nanoparticle- and Microparticle-Based Vaccines against Orbiviruses of Veterinary Importance. Vaccines (Basel) 2022 Jul 14;10(7).
    doi: 10.3390/vaccines10071124pubmed: 35891288google scholar: lookup
  35. Duan Y, Yang Z, Zhu P, Xiao L, Li Z, Li Z, Li L, Zhu J. A serologic investigation of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in China between 2014 and 2019. Virol Sin 2022 Aug;37(4):513-520.
    doi: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.06.005pubmed: 35718300google scholar: lookup
  36. Rodrigues TCS, Viadanna PHO, Subramaniam K, Hawkins IK, Jeon AB, Loeb JC, Krauer JMC, Lednicky JA, Wisely SM, Waltzek TB. Characterization of a Novel Reassortant Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 6 Strain Isolated from Diseased White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on a Florida Farm. Viruses 2022 May 10;14(5).
    doi: 10.3390/v14051012pubmed: 35632753google scholar: lookup
  37. Duan Y, Yang Z, Bellis G, Xie J, Li L. Full Genome Sequencing of Three Sedoreoviridae Viruses Isolated from Culicoides spp. (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) in China. Viruses 2022 May 5;14(5).
    doi: 10.3390/v14050971pubmed: 35632713google scholar: lookup
  38. Dorak SJ, Varga C, Ruder MG, Gronemeyer P, Rivera NA, Dufford DR, Skinner DJ, Roca AL, Novakofski J, Mateus-Pinilla NE. Spatial epidemiology of hemorrhagic disease in Illinois wild white-tailed deer. Sci Rep 2022 Apr 27;12(1):6888.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10694-ypubmed: 35477968google scholar: lookup
  39. Serroni A, Ulisse S, Iorio M, Laguardia C, Testa L, Armillotta G, Caporale M, Salini R, Lelli D, Wernery U, Raghavan R, Mercante MT, Di Ventura M. Development of a Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on Purified Recombinant Viral Protein 7 for Serological Diagnosis of Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease in Camels. J Trop Med 2022;2022:5210771.
    doi: 10.1155/2022/5210771pubmed: 35356489google scholar: lookup
  40. Goffredo M, Quaglia M, De Ascentis M, d'Alessio SG, Federici V, Conte A, Venter GJ. The Absence of Abdominal Pigmentation in Livestock Associated Culicoides following Artificial Blood Feeding and the Epidemiological Implication for Arbovirus Surveillance. Pathogens 2021 Dec 2;10(12).
    doi: 10.3390/pathogens10121571pubmed: 34959526google scholar: lookup
  41. Noronha LE, Cohnstaedt LW, Richt JA, Wilson WC. Perspectives on the Changing Landscape of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Control. Viruses 2021 Nov 12;13(11).
    doi: 10.3390/v13112268pubmed: 34835074google scholar: lookup
  42. Rajko-Nenow P, Howson ELA, Clark D, Hilton N, Ambagala A, Svitek N, Flannery J, Batten C. Development of a Novel Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay (LAMP) for the Rapid Detection of Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease Virus. Viruses 2021 Oct 29;13(11).
    doi: 10.3390/v13112187pubmed: 34834993google scholar: lookup
  43. de Vos CJ, Hennen WHGJ, van Roermund HJW, Dhollander S, Fischer EAJ, de Koeijer AA. Assessing the introduction risk of vector-borne animal diseases for the Netherlands using MINTRISK: A Model for INTegrated RISK assessment. PLoS One 2021;16(11):e0259466.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259466pubmed: 34727138google scholar: lookup
  44. Rivera NA, Varga C, Ruder MG, Dorak SJ, Roca AL, Novakofski JE, Mateus-Pinilla NE. Bluetongue and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in the United States of America at the Wildlife-Livestock Interface. Pathogens 2021 Jul 21;10(8).
    doi: 10.3390/pathogens10080915pubmed: 34451380google scholar: lookup
  45. Mahmoud A, Danzetta ML, di Sabatino D, Spedicato M, Alkhatal Z, Dayhum A, Tolari F, Forzan M, Mazzei M, Savini G. First seroprevalence investigation of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus in Libya. Open Vet J 2021 Apr-Jun;11(2):301-308.
    doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i2.15pubmed: 34307088google scholar: lookup
  46. Yamamoto K, Hiromatsu R, Kaida M, Kato T, Yanase T, Shirafuji H. Isolation of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 7 from cattle showing fever in Japan in 2016 and improvement of a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay to detect epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. J Vet Med Sci 2021 Sep 3;83(9):1378-1388.
    doi: 10.1292/jvms.20-0523pubmed: 34248104google scholar: lookup
  47. Aguilar-Vega C, Rivera B, Lucientes J, Gutiérrez-Boada I, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM. A study of the composition of the Obsoletus complex and genetic diversity of Culicoides obsoletus populations in Spain. Parasit Vectors 2021 Jul 3;14(1):351.
    doi: 10.1186/s13071-021-04841-zpubmed: 34217330google scholar: lookup
  48. Grimaud Y, Tran A, Benkimoun S, Boucher F, Esnault O, Cêtre-Sossah C, Cardinale E, Garros C, Guis H. Spatio-temporal modelling of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) populations on Reunion Island (Indian Ocean). Parasit Vectors 2021 May 27;14(1):288.
    doi: 10.1186/s13071-021-04780-9pubmed: 34044880google scholar: lookup
  49. McGregor BL, Erram D, Alto BW, Lednicky JA, Wisely SM, Burkett-Cadena ND. Vector Competence of Florida Culicoides insignis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) for Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype-2. Viruses 2021 Mar 5;13(3).
    doi: 10.3390/v13030410pubmed: 33807536google scholar: lookup
  50. Cosseddu GM, Doumbia B, Scacchia M, Pinoni C, Di Provvido A, Polci A, Isselmou K, Di Gennaro A, Spedicato M, Carmine I, Savini G, Dondona AC, Iapaolo F, Valleriani F, El Mamy AB, Barry Y, Monaco F. Sero-surveillance of emerging viral diseases in camels and cattle in Nouakchott, Mauritania: an abattoir study. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021 Mar 5;53(2):195.
    doi: 10.1007/s11250-021-02636-zpubmed: 33666802google scholar: lookup
  51. Dinh ETN, Orange JP, Peters RM, Wisely SM, Blackburn JK. Resource Selection by Wild and Ranched White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) during the Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (EHDV) Transmission Season in Florida. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jan 16;11(1).
    doi: 10.3390/ani11010211pubmed: 33467117google scholar: lookup
  52. Allen SE, Jardine CM, Hooper-McGrevy K, Ambagala A, Bosco-Lauth AM, Kunkel MR, Mead DG, Nituch L, Ruder MG, Nemeth NM. Serologic Evidence of Arthropod-Borne Virus Infections in Wild and Captive Ruminants in Ontario, Canada. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020 Nov;103(5):2100-2107.
    doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0539pubmed: 32815506google scholar: lookup
  53. Yanase T, Murota K, Hayama Y. Endemic and Emerging Arboviruses in Domestic Ruminants in East Asia. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:168.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00168pubmed: 32318588google scholar: lookup
  54. Dinh ETN, Cauvin A, Orange JP, Shuman RM, Wisely SM, Blackburn JK. Living la Vida T-LoCoH: site fidelity of Florida ranched and wild white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) during the epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) transmission period. Mov Ecol 2020;8:14.
    doi: 10.1186/s40462-020-00200-2pubmed: 32257219google scholar: lookup
  55. Sunwoo SY, Noronha LE, Morozov I, Trujillo JD, Kim IJ, Schirtzinger EE, Faburay B, Drolet BS, Urbaniak K, McVey DS, Meekins DA, Palmer MV, Balaraman V, Wilson WC, Richt JA. Evaluation of A Baculovirus-Expressed VP2 Subunit Vaccine for the Protection of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease. Vaccines (Basel) 2020 Jan 31;8(1).
    doi: 10.3390/vaccines8010059pubmed: 32023812google scholar: lookup
  56. Rajko-Nenow P, Brown-Joseph T, Tennakoon C, Flannery J, Oura CAL, Batten C. Detection of a novel reassortant epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 6 in cattle in Trinidad, West Indies, containing nine RNA segments derived from exotic EHDV strains with an Australian origin. Infect Genet Evol 2019 Oct;74:103931.
    doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103931pubmed: 31238112google scholar: lookup
  57. Merrill MM, Boughton RK, Lollis LO, Sayler KA, Wisely SM. Epidemiology of Bluetongue Virus and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus in Beef Cattle on a Ranch in South-Central Florida. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2019 Oct;19(10):752-757.
    doi: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2406pubmed: 31135300google scholar: lookup
  58. McGregor BL, Sloyer KE, Sayler KA, Goodfriend O, Krauer JMC, Acevedo C, Zhang X, Mathias D, Wisely SM, Burkett-Cadena ND. Field data implicating Culicoides stellifer and Culicoides venustus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as vectors of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. Parasit Vectors 2019 May 23;12(1):258.
    doi: 10.1186/s13071-019-3514-8pubmed: 31122295google scholar: lookup
  59. McGregor BL, Erram D, Acevedo C, Alto BW, Burkett-Cadena ND. Vector Competence of Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) for Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 2 Strains from Canada and Florida. Viruses 2019 Apr 22;11(4).
    doi: 10.3390/v11040367pubmed: 31013588google scholar: lookup
  60. Golender N, Bumbarov VY. Detection of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 1, Israel. Emerg Infect Dis 2019 Apr;25(4):825-827.
    doi: 10.3201/eid2504.180149pubmed: 30882324google scholar: lookup
  61. Vinueza RL, Cruz M, Bréard E, Viarouge C, Zanella G. Bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus survey in cattle of the Galapagos Islands. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019 Mar;31(2):271-275.
    doi: 10.1177/1040638718824630pubmed: 30661471google scholar: lookup
  62. Morales-Hojas R, Hinsley M, Armean IM, Silk R, Harrup LE, Gonzalez-Uriarte A, Veronesi E, Campbell L, Nayduch D, Saski C, Tabachnick WJ, Kersey P, Carpenter S, Fife M. The genome of the biting midge Culicoides sonorensis and gene expression analyses of vector competence for bluetongue virus. BMC Genomics 2018 Aug 22;19(1):624.
    doi: 10.1186/s12864-018-5014-1pubmed: 30134833google scholar: lookup
  63. Kato T, Aizawa M, Takayoshi K, Yanase T, Tanaka S, Shirafuji H, Yamakawa M. Full genome sequence of a Sathuvachari virus strain isolated in the southwestern-most archipelago of Japan. Virus Genes 2018 Oct;54(5):729-732.
    doi: 10.1007/s11262-018-1592-xpubmed: 30069670google scholar: lookup
  64. Lehiy CJ, Reister-Hendricks LM, Ruder MG, McVey DS, Drolet BS. Physiological and immunological responses to Culicoides sonorensis blood-feeding: a murine model. Parasit Vectors 2018 Jun 20;11(1):358.
    doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2935-0pubmed: 29925422google scholar: lookup
  65. Kamomae Y, Kamomae M, Ohta Y, Nabe M, Kagawa Y, Ogura Y, Kato T, Tanaka S, Yanase T, Shirafuji H. Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 6 Infection in Cattle, Japan, 2015. Emerg Infect Dis 2018 May;24(5):902-905.
    doi: 10.3201/eid2405.171859pubmed: 29664367google scholar: lookup
  66. Ahasan MS, Subramaniam K, Lednicky JA, Loeb JC, Sayler KA, Wisely SM, Waltzek TB. Complete Genome Sequence of Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus Serotype 6, Isolated from Florida White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Genome Announc 2018 Apr 5;6(14).
    doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00160-18pubmed: 29622607google scholar: lookup
  67. Danziger O, Pupko T, Bacharach E, Ehrlich M. Interleukin-6 and Interferon-α Signaling via JAK1-STAT Differentially Regulate Oncolytic versus Cytoprotective Antiviral States. Front Immunol 2018;9:94.
    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00094pubmed: 29441069google scholar: lookup
  68. Russell BL, Parbhoo N, Gildenhuys S. Analysis of Conserved, Computationally Predicted Epitope Regions for VP5 and VP7 Across three Orbiviruses. Bioinform Biol Insights 2018;12:1177932218755348.
    doi: 10.1177/1177932218755348pubmed: 29434468google scholar: lookup
  69. Danziger O, Shai B, Sabo Y, Bacharach E, Ehrlich M. Combined genetic and epigenetic interferences with interferon signaling expose prostate cancer cells to viral infection. Oncotarget 2016 Aug 9;7(32):52115-52134.
    doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.10313pubmed: 27366948google scholar: lookup
  70. Wilson WC, Ruder MG, Jasperson D, Smith TP, Naraghi-Arani P, Lenhoff R, Stallknecht DE, Valdivia-Granda WA, Sheoran D. Molecular evolution of epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses in North America based on historical isolates using motif fingerprints. Virus Genes 2016 Aug;52(4):495-508.
    doi: 10.1007/s11262-016-1332-zpubmed: 27107856google scholar: lookup
  71. Maan NS, Maan S, Potgieter AC, Wright IM, Belaganahalli M, Mertens PPC. Development of Real-Time RT-PCR Assays for Detection and Typing of Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease Virus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017 Aug;64(4):1120-1132.
    doi: 10.1111/tbed.12477pubmed: 26888716google scholar: lookup
  72. Stevens G, McCluskey B, King A, O'Hearn E, Mayr G. Review of the 2012 Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Outbreak in Domestic Ruminants in the United States. PLoS One 2015;10(8):e0133359.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133359pubmed: 26244773google scholar: lookup
  73. Urata M, Watanabe R, Iwata H. The effect of glycosylation on cytotoxicity of Ibaraki virus nonstructural protein NS3. J Vet Med Sci 2016 Jan;77(12):1611-6.
    doi: 10.1292/jvms.15-0121pubmed: 26178820google scholar: lookup
  74. Viarouge C, Breard E, Zientara S, Vitour D, Sailleau C. Duplex Real-Time RT-PCR Assays for the Detection and Typing of Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease Virus. PLoS One 2015;10(7):e0132540.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132540pubmed: 26161784google scholar: lookup
  75. Matsuo E, Saeki K, Roy P, Kawano J. Development of reverse genetics for Ibaraki virus to produce viable VP6-tagged IBAV. FEBS Open Bio 2015;5:445-53.
    doi: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.05.006pubmed: 26101741google scholar: lookup
  76. Hirashima Y, Kato T, Yamakawa M, Shirafuji H, Okano R, Yanase T. Reemergence of Ibaraki disease in southern Japan in 2013. J Vet Med Sci 2015 Oct;77(10):1253-9.
    doi: 10.1292/jvms.15-0039pubmed: 26018356google scholar: lookup
  77. Kantanen J, Løvendahl P, Strandberg E, Eythorsdottir E, Li MH, Kettunen-Præbel A, Berg P, Meuwissen T. Utilization of farm animal genetic resources in a changing agro-ecological environment in the Nordic countries. Front Genet 2015;6:52.
    doi: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00052pubmed: 25767477google scholar: lookup
  78. Raabis SM, Byers SR, Han S, Callan RJ. Epizootic hemorrhagic disease in a yak. Can Vet J 2014 Apr;55(4):369-72.
    pubmed: 24688138
  79. Shai B, Schmukler E, Yaniv R, Ziv N, Horn G, Bumbarov V, Yadin H, Smorodinsky NI, Bacharach E, Pinkas-Kramarski R, Ehrlich M. Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus induces and benefits from cell stress, autophagy, and apoptosis. J Virol 2013 Dec;87(24):13397-408.
    doi: 10.1128/JVI.02116-13pubmed: 24089565google scholar: lookup
  80. Favero CM, Matos AC, Campos FS, Cândido MV, Costa ÉA, Heinemann MB, Barbosa-Stancioli EF, Lobato ZI. Epizootic hemorrhagic disease in brocket deer, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2013 Feb;19(2):346-8.
    doi: 10.3201/eid1902.120551pubmed: 23347667google scholar: lookup
  81. Toye PG, Batten CA, Kiara H, Henstock MR, Edwards L, Thumbi S, Poole EJ, Handel IG, Bronsvoort BM, Hanotte O, Coetzer JA, Woolhouse ME, Oura CA. Bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus in local breeds of cattle in Kenya. Res Vet Sci 2013 Jun;94(3):769-73.
    doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.11.001pubmed: 23261160google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,727 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.