Epizootic heamorragic disease.
Abstract: Epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) is an infectious non-contagious viral disease transmitted by insects of the genus Culicoides which affects wild and domestic ruminants. The causative agent, the epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), belongs to the family Reoviridae, genus Orbivirus and shares many morphological and structural characteristics with the other members of the genus such as bluetongue, African horse sickness and equine encephalosis viruses. In recent years EHD outbreaks have been reported in countries bordering the European Union. They caused disease in cattle and severe repercussion on the livestock industry of the affected countries. In the light of recent European bluetongue epizootic these events pose an increasing threat to the European Union. This review includes the most recent information regarding the virus and the disease as well as tools for its diagnosis and control. It is our conviction that more attention should be drawn to both EHDV and the disease itself in order to fulfil all these gaps and not to be unprepared in case future possible incursions.
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2011-06-12 PubMed ID: 21665237DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.05.004Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Review
- Arboviruses
- Culicoides
- Disease control
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Etiology
- Disease Management
- Disease Outbreaks
- Disease Prevention
- Disease Surveillance
- Disease Transmission
- Disease Treatment
- Epizootic
- Equine Health
- Infectious Disease
- Insect Bite Hypersensitivity
- Public Health
- Vector-borne disease
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
- Virus
Summary
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This research paper is an update on the Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease (EHD), its cause, effects, and potential threat to the European Union, also highlighting the need for awareness and readiness against any probable outbreaks.
Overview of Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease (EHD)
- EHD is stated to be a viral, infectious, but non-contagious disease that affects both wild and domestic ruminants. This implies that the disease isn’t passable from one animal to another through physical contact but spreads via certain insect vectors.
- The causative agent of this disease is the EHD virus (EHDV), a member of the Reoviridae family, under the genus Orbivirus. This genus also includes other similar viruses causing diseases like bluetongue, African horse sickness, and equine encephalosis.
Recent Incidences and Threats
- The research highlights that there have been recent EHD outbreaks in countries adjacent to the European Union, primarily affecting cattle and causing severe impacts on the affected countries’ livestock industry.
- Considering the recent bluetongue epizootic in Europe, the research posits an increased threat from EHD to the European Union.
Diagnosis and Control Measures
- The review includes the latest information about EHD, its virus, and the tools for its diagnosis and control. There is no specific suggestion about these tools in the abstract, implying that they are discussed in detail in the full paper.
Need for Attention
- The researchers call for more attention towards EHD and the EHDV. They suggest that there are significant knowledge gaps that need to be addressed, hence the necessity for the scientific and veterinary communities to focus on this issue.
- They emphasize being prepared to handle any potential EHD outbreaks, indicating the importance of proactive strategic planning and action.
Cite This Article
APA
Savini G, Afonso A, Mellor P, Aradaib I, Yadin H, Sanaa M, Wilson W, Monaco F, Domingo M.
(2011).
Epizootic heamorragic disease.
Res Vet Sci, 91(1), 1-17.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.05.004 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Istituto G. Caporale, Teramo, Italy. Electronic address: g.savini@izs.it.
- European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy.
- Institute of Animal Health, Pirbright, UK.
- Molecular Biology Laboratory (MBL), Department of Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan.
- Department of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel.
- Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail, France.
- USDA, AIRS, Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Laboratory, Laramie, WY, USA.
- Istituto G. Caporale, Teramo, Italy.
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Barcellona, Spain.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Arthropod Vectors
- Cattle
- Cattle Diseases / diagnosis
- Cattle Diseases / economics
- Cattle Diseases / epidemiology
- Cattle Diseases / prevention & control
- Ceratopogonidae
- Deer
- Europe / epidemiology
- Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Epizootic
- North America / epidemiology
- Reoviridae Infections / diagnosis
- Reoviridae Infections / epidemiology
- Reoviridae Infections / prevention & control
- Reoviridae Infections / veterinary
- Ruminants
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