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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Equine Crofton Weed (Ageratina spp.) Pneumotoxicity: What Do...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2023; 13(13); doi: 10.3390/ani13132082

Equine Crofton Weed (Ageratina spp.) Pneumotoxicity: What Do We Know and What Do We Need to Know?

Abstract: Crofton weed (Ageratina adenophora) is a global and highly invasive weed, with ingestion causing severe respiratory disease in horses, leading to irreversible and untreatable pulmonary fibrosis and oedema. While reports of equine pneumotoxicity remain common in Australia and New Zealand, equine pneumotoxicity may be underdiagnosed in other countries where Crofton weed is endemic but poorly differentiated. The pathogenesis of Crofton weed toxicity following ingestion has been well described in a number of different animal models, including rodents, rabbits, and goats. However, induced toxicity is organ-selective across different animal species, and these vastly differ from the pathogenesis described in horses, both clinically and after experimental exposure. Sources of variation may include species-specific susceptibility to different toxins present in the plant, different mechanistic processes of toxicity, and species differences in toxin biotransformation and bioactivation across different organs. Considering disease severity and Crofton weed's invasiveness globally, assessing published toxicological and exposure data is necessary to advance research, identify specific toxins for horses, and possible prophylactic and therapeutic strategies. This review presents an overview of the available literature on equine toxicity, parallels between toxicity in horses and other animal species, and important aspects to be included in the future research agenda.
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Publication Date: 2023-06-23 PubMed ID: 37443880PubMed Central: PMC10339876DOI: 10.3390/ani13132082Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper is a review of the effects of a highly invasive weed known as the Crofton weed (Ageratina adenophora) on horses. This plant causes severe respiratory problems in horses, leading to conditions such as pulmonary fibrosis and oedema which are untreatable and irreversible.

Different Models of Pathogenesis

  • The ingestion of Crofton weed has been studied across various animal models such as rats, rabbits, and goats. Its toxicity has been described in-depth on these animals, demonstrating the harmful effects it can have on organs and bodily functions.
  • However, the research highlights that the toxic effects of Crofton weed differ significantly across varied animal species, which includes horses. Both clinical and experimental data reveal a difference in pathogenesis compared to other animals.
  • The study interestingly points out that this variation could be because of species-specific susceptibility to different toxins present in the plant. Factors such as different mechanistic processes of toxicity and species-specific differences in toxin biotransformation and bioactivation across different organs can create varied responses.

Identifying Specific Toxins

  • Due to the severity of the disease caused by Crofton weed and its rapid global spread, the study argues for the importance of assessing the existing toxicological and exposure data. This is important to push the research field forward, as well as to identify any specific toxins that are dangerous for horses.
  • This will also help explore possible prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to combat this problem. Identifying specific toxins can guide the creation of treatments and prevention measures, giving healthcare professionals and horse owners better resources to protect their equines.

The Future Research Agenda

  • Finally, this review emulates the current understanding around Crofton weed and equine toxicity and provides suggestions on future research. This includes studying the parallels between toxicity in horses and other animal species and what makes these differences so pronounced.
  • The future research agenda should focus on understanding these variations in response to the Crofton weed and filling in existing gaps in the current know-how. This will improve overall understanding and potentially provide more efficient methods for treatment and prevention.

Cite This Article

APA
Shapter FM, Granados-Soler JL, Stewart AJ, Bertin FR, Allavena R. (2023). Equine Crofton Weed (Ageratina spp.) Pneumotoxicity: What Do We Know and What Do We Need to Know? Animals (Basel), 13(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132082

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 13

Researcher Affiliations

Shapter, Frances Marie
  • School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland Gatton, 5391 Warrego Highway, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
Granados-Soler, José Luis
  • School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland Gatton, 5391 Warrego Highway, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
Stewart, Allison J
  • School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland Gatton, 5391 Warrego Highway, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
Bertin, Francois Rene
  • School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland Gatton, 5391 Warrego Highway, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
Allavena, Rachel
  • School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland Gatton, 5391 Warrego Highway, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
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