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Frontiers in veterinary science2022; 9; 1014619; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1014619

Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome affects fitness parameters in poorly performing Standardbred racehorses.

Abstract: Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) is a highly prevalent disorder in horses, which can be classified, based on the localization of the lesions, as Equine Squamous Gastric Disease (ESGD) or Equine Glandular Gastric Disease (EGGD). Although EGUS is recognized as a common cause of poor performance in racehorses, objective investigations about its relation with athletic capacity are lacking. Therefore, the present retrospective study aims to evaluate the associations between EGUS severity and some fitness parameters measured during an incremental treadmill test in Standardbred racehorses in training. Unassigned: With this aim, data from 87 Standard bred racehorses which underwent a complete diagnostic evaluation for poor performance was reviewed. During gastroscopic examination, a 0-4 score was assigned to ESGD, while EGGD was evaluated for absence/presence; a total EGUS score was obtained by adding 1 point to ESGD score in horses showing concomitant EGGD. Fitness parameters obtained during incremental treadmill test included speed at a heart rate of 200 bpm (V200), speed and heart rate at a blood lactate of 4 mmol/L (VLa4, HRLa4), peak lactate, lactate and heart rate at 30 minutes post-exercise, maximum speed, minimum pH and maximum hematocrit. The associations between fitness parameters and EGUS and ESGD scores were evaluated by Spearman correlation, while Mann-Whitney test was used to compare them between horses with or without EGGD. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Unassigned: EGUS grade was inversely correlated with V200 (p = 0.0025) and minimum pH (p = 0.0469); ESGD grade was inversely correlated with V200 (p = 0.0025) and VLa4 (p = 0.0363). Although a trend was observed, no significant differences in V200 were observed between horses with or without EGGD (p = 0.073); horses with EGGD reached a lower minimum pH (p = 0.0087). Unassigned: These results show a negative association between aerobic capacity and EGUS, in particular ESGD. Although different hypotheses have been proposed, including abdominal pain and decreased appetite due to lactate accumulation, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown, and it is not clear whether EGUS represents a cause or a consequence of an early lactate accumulation and post-exercise acidosis.
Copyright © 2022 Lo Feudo, Stucchi, Conturba, Stancari, Zucca and Ferrucci.
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Publication Date: 2022-11-25 PubMed ID: 36504861PubMed Central: PMC9732101DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1014619Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigated the relationship between Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) and fitness parameters in poorly performing Standardbred racehorses.

Study Overview

  • The researchers performed a retrospective study to assess any correlations between the severity of EGUS, further classified into Equine Squamous Gastric Disease (ESGD) and Equine Glandular Gastric Disease (EGGD), and certain fitness indices measured during an incremental treadmill test undertaken by racehorses in training.
  • The data was sourced from historical performance evaluations of 87 Standardbred racehorses, all of which had previously undergone comprehensive diagnostic evaluations due to underperformance.
  • The researchers assigned a score (from 0-4) to gauge the extent of ESGD, whereas EGGD was evaluated as being either present or absent. The cumulative EGUS score was calculated by adding 1 point to the ESGD score in horses exhibiting concurrent EGGD.

Fitness Parameters Evaluated

  • Fitness characteristics including speed at a heart rate of 200 bpm (V200), speed and heart rate at a blood lactate level of 4 mmol/L (VLa4, HRLa4), peak lactate, lactate and heart rate 30 minutes post-exercise, maximum speed, minimum blood pH, and maximum hematocrit level were measured.

Data Analysis

  • The relationships between EGUS and ESGD scores and the measured fitness factors were probed using Spearman correlation.
  • A Mann-Whitney test was used to identify any differences between the fitness parameters of horses with EGGD and those without it.
  • A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Key Findings

  • The study identified an inverse correlation between EGUS severity and V200 and minimum pH. Similarly, the severity of ESGD was inversely related to V200 and VLa4.
  • There appeared to be a trend suggesting an effect of EGGD on V200, however, this effect did not reach statistical significance. Nevertheless, horses with EGGD consistently exhibited a lower minimum blood pH.
  • The findings indicate that aerobic capacity (fitness) is negatively impacted by EGUS, specifically ESGD.

Future Directions

  • The mechanisms through which EGUS influences fitness are not well understood. The authors suggest possible causes may include abdominal discomfort and reduced appetite as a result of lactic acid build up, but further study is needed to provide clarity.
  • The authors also highlight the need for additional research to determine if EGUS is a cause or a consequent reaction to early lactic acid accumulation and post-exercise acidosis in racehorses.

Cite This Article

APA
Lo Feudo CM, Stucchi L, Conturba B, Stancari G, Zucca E, Ferrucci F. (2022). Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome affects fitness parameters in poorly performing Standardbred racehorses. Front Vet Sci, 9, 1014619. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1014619

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Pages: 1014619

Researcher Affiliations

Lo Feudo, Chiara Maria
  • Equine Sports Medicine Laboratory "Franco Tradati", Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy.
Stucchi, Luca
  • Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy.
Conturba, Bianca
  • Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy.
Stancari, Giovanni
  • Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy.
Zucca, Enrica
  • Equine Sports Medicine Laboratory "Franco Tradati", Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy.
Ferrucci, Francesco
  • Equine Sports Medicine Laboratory "Franco Tradati", Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 6 times.
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