Evaluation of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on markers of joint inflammation and cartilage metabolism in young horses challenged with lipopolysaccharide.
Abstract: Seventeen yearling Quarter Horses were used in a randomized complete block design for a 56-d trial to determine ability of dietary CLA to mitigate joint inflammation and alter cartilage turnover following an inflammatory insult. Horses were blocked by age, sex, and BW, and randomly assigned to dietary treatments consisting of commercial concentrate offered at 1% BW (as-fed) supplemented with either 1% soybean oil (CON; n = 6), 0.5% soybean oil and 0.5% CLA (LOW; n = 5; 55% purity; Lutalin, BASF Corp., Florham Park, NJ), or 1% CLA (HIGH; n = 6) top-dressed daily. Horses were fed individually every 12 h and offered 1% BW (as-fed) coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) hay daily. This study was performed in 2 phases: phase I (d 0 to d 41) determined incorporation of CLA into plasma and synovial fluid; phase II (d 42 to d 56) evaluated potential of CLA to mitigate intra-articular inflammation and alter cartilage metabolism. Blood and synovial fluid were collected at 7- and 14-d intervals, respectively, to determine fatty acid concentrations. On d 42, carpal joints within each horse were randomly assigned to receive intra-articular injections of 0.5 ng lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Escherichia coli 055:B5 or sterile lactated Ringer's solution. Synovial fluid samples were obtained at preinjection h 0 and 6, 12, 24, 168, and 336 h postinjection, and analyzed for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), carboxypeptide of type II collagen (CPII), and collagenase cleavage neopeptide (C2C). Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED procedure of SAS. Horses receiving the CON diet had undetectable levels of CLA for the duration of the study. A quadratic dose response was observed in concentrations of CLA in plasma and synovial fluid (P < 0.01). A negative quadratic dose response was observed for plasma arachidonic acid (20:4) with a reduction in concentration to d 14 in HIGH horses (P = 0.04). Synovial fluid 20:4 tended to decrease in horses receiving the HIGH diet (P = 0.06). Post LPS injection, synovial PGE2 was not affected by dietary treatment (P = 0.15). Synovial C2C was lower in HIGH horses (P = 0.05), and synovial CPII tended to be greater in LOW horses than HIGH and CON horses (P = 0.10). In conclusion, dietary CLA incorporated into plasma and synovial fluid prior to LPS challenge. Dietary CLA did not influence inflammation; however, there was a reduction in cartilage degradation and an increase in cartilage regeneration.
Publication Date: 2018-02-01 PubMed ID: 29385470PubMed Central: PMC6140902DOI: 10.1093/jas/skx076Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The study investigates the impact of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on inflammation and cartilage metabolism in young quarter horses. It found that while dietary CLA did not affect inflammation, it did help in reducing cartilage degradation and enhancing the regeneration of cartilage, especially following inflammatory challenge.
Study Design and Experimentation
- The research used seventeen yearling Quarter Horses, following a randomized complete block design for a 56-day trial. The objective was to determine the capability of dietary CLA to mitigate joint inflammation and alter cartilage turnover during an inflammatory incident.
- To ensure balance, the horses were blocked by age, sex, and bodyweight (BW), then randomly assigned to dietary treatments. These treatments included a commercial concentrate offered at 1% BW supplemented with either 1% soybean oil (CON), 0.5% soybean oil and 0.5% CLA (LOW; 55% purity), or 1% CLA (HIGH) top-dressed daily along with 1% BW of coastal bermudagrass hay.
- The experiment was conducted in two distinct phases. Phase I, lasting from day 0 to day 41, was designed to determine the incorporation of CLA into plasma and synovial fluid. Phase II, from day 42 to day 56, focused on assessing the potential of CLA to reduce intra-articular inflammation and alter cartilage metabolism.
- On Day 42, carpal joints in each horse were subjected to intra-articular injections of either 0.5 ng lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Escherichia coli 055:B5, or a sterile lactated Ringer’s solution.
Data Collection and Analysis
- Blood and synovial fluid were systematically collected at 7-day and 14-day intervals, respectively to assess fatty acid concentrations.
- Synovial fluid samples were also collected at specified intervals following injection and analyzed for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), carboxypeptide of type II collagen (CPII), and collagenase cleavage neopeptide (C2C).
- The collected data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure of the statistical software, SAS.
Results and Conclusion of the Study
- Horses on the CON diet had undetectable levels of CLA throughout the study while those fed LOW and HIGH diets showed a quadratic dose response in CLA concentrations in plasma and synovial fluid.
- A negative quadratic dose response was observed regarding plasma arachidonic acid (20:4), with a visible decrease in concentration by Day 14 in horses on the HIGH diet while in synovial fluid, a decreasing trend was observed.
- Despite the LPS challenge, synovial PGE2, an inflammable substance, was not impacted by dietary treatment. However, synovial C2C was found to be lower in HIGH diet horses, suggesting less cartilage degradation. Additionally, CPII, indicating cartilage regeneration, tended to be greater in LOW diet horses compared to both HIGH and CON diet horses.
- Conclusively, the study indicated that dietary CLA penetrated into plasma and synovial fluid ahead of the LPS challenge. While dietary CLA did not directly impact inflammation, it demonstrated potential benefits in reducing cartilage degradation and enhancing cartilage regeneration.
Cite This Article
APA
Bradbery AN, Coverdale JA, Vernon KL, Leatherwood JL, Arnold CE, Dabareiner RA, Kahn MK, Millican AA, Welsh TH.
(2018).
Evaluation of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on markers of joint inflammation and cartilage metabolism in young horses challenged with lipopolysaccharide.
J Anim Sci, 96(2), 579-590.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skx076 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC.
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
- Large Animal Teaching Hospital, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
- Large Animal Teaching Hospital, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC.
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Biomarkers / metabolism
- Cartilage / metabolism
- Diet / veterinary
- Dietary Supplements
- Female
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Inflammation / prevention & control
- Inflammation / veterinary
- Injections, Intra-Articular / veterinary
- Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / blood
- Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / metabolism
- Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / pharmacology
- Lipopolysaccharides / adverse effects
- Male
- Random Allocation
- Synovial Fluid / metabolism
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Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Mustonen AM, Nieminen P. Fatty Acids and Oxylipins in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis-a Complex Field with Significant Potential for Future Treatments.. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021 Apr 28;23(6):41.
- Mrugala D, Leatherwood JL, Morris EF, Dickson EC, Latham CM, Owen RN, Beverly MM, Kelley SF, White-Springer SH. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid supplementation alters skeletal muscle mitochondria and antioxidant status in young horses.. J Anim Sci 2021 Feb 1;99(2).
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