FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Sci / First Detection and Genetic Characterization of New Equine P...
Veterinary sciences2021; 8(11); doi: 10.3390/vetsci8110268

First Detection and Genetic Characterization of New Equine Parvovirus Species Circulating among Horses in Korea.

Abstract: Equine parvovirus-cerebrospinal fluid (EqPV-CSF) and eqcopivirus (EqCoPV) are new parvovirus species (EqPVs) identified from various tissues (CSF, blood, and respiratory swabs) in horses with neurologic and respiratory diseases. In this study, we described the prevalence rate of EqPV-CSF and EqCoPV in 133 and 77 serum and fecal samples, respectively, using polymerase chain reaction. Further, we analyzed the potential risk factors for infection. We calculated the nucleotide and amino acid similarity and constructed phylogenetic trees. There was a moderate-to-high prevalence rate (EqPV-CSF: 3.8%; EqCoPV 9.8%) of each virus in serum; moreover, age, country of foaling, and clinical colic signs were significantly associated with the EqPVs infection. The newly identified EqPV-CSF/EqCoPV genomes had high nucleotide and amino acid identities with previously isolated strains in the USA. In phylogenetic analysis, they clustered and formed a new subgroup in the genus Copiparvovirus. To our knowledge, this is the first field epidemiologic study on EqPV-CSF and EqCoPV using both serum and fecal samples. Our findings demonstrate the risk factors for infection and could facilitate the development of disease prevention strategies.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2021-11-07 PubMed ID: 34822641PubMed Central: PMC8621016DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8110268Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates the prevalence of two new species of equine parvovirus in horses in Korea and their genetic characteristics. With a significant number of serum and fecal samples tested, the research also identifies certain risk factors for infection by these viruses, which could inform future prevention strategies.

Research on New Equine Parvovirus Species

  • The research primarily focuses on two new parvovirus species identified in horses, namely Equine parvovirus-cerebrospinal fluid (EqPV-CSF) and eqcopivirus (EqCoPV). These viruses are found in tissues (CSF, blood, and respiratory swabs) and cause neurologic and respiratory diseases in horses.
  • The study presents an extensive field epidemiologic analysis by testing 133 serum and 77 fecal samples for the presence of these viruses using a technique called polymerase chain reaction.

Prevalence and Risk Factors

  • The findings show a moderate-to-high prevalence rate of the viruses (EqPV-CSF: 3.8%; EqCoPV 9.8%) in the horse population sampled for the study.
  • Additionally, the study identifies certain key risk factors that are significantly associated with the infection of these viruses. Three such factors are identified: the age of the horses, the country where they were born (foaling), and clinical colic signs.

Genetic Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis

  • Focusing on genetic characterization, the study uncovered high nucleotide and amino acid similarities in the identified EqPV-CSF/EqCoPV genomes, and their previously isolated counterparts in the USA.
  • The results of the phylogenetic analysis indicate that the identified viruses in the samples form a new subgroup in their genus, contributing further to the understanding of the genetic evolution and diversity of these viruses.

Implication of the Study

  • This is reportedly the first field epidemiologic study of its kind on EqPV-CSF and EqCoPV using both serum and fecal samples. Its findings expand the general understanding of these new equine parvovirus species and their prevalence in the horse population.
  • By highlighting the risk factors for infection, the study lays the groundwork for developing future disease prevention strategies. It also emphasizes the need for further research into these emerging viruses and their potential impact on equine health.

Cite This Article

APA
Yoon J, Park T, Kim A, Song H, Park BJ, Ahn HS, Go HJ, Kim DH, Lee JB, Park SY, Song CS, Lee SW, Choi IS. (2021). First Detection and Genetic Characterization of New Equine Parvovirus Species Circulating among Horses in Korea. Vet Sci, 8(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8110268

Publication

Veterinary sciences
ISSN: 2306-7381
NlmUniqueID: 101680127
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 8
Issue: 11

Researcher Affiliations

Yoon, Jungho
  • Equine Clinic, Jeju Stud Farm, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju 63346, Korea.
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Park, Taemook
  • Equine Clinic, Jeju Stud Farm, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju 63346, Korea.
Kim, Ahram
  • Equine Clinic, Jeju Stud Farm, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju 63346, Korea.
Song, Heeeun
  • Equine Clinic, Jeju Stud Farm, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju 63346, Korea.
Park, Byung-Joo
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Ahn, Hee-Seop
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Go, Hyeon-Jeong
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Kim, Dong-Hwi
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Lee, Joong-Bok
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Park, Seung-Yong
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Song, Chang-Seon
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Lee, Sang-Won
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Choi, In-Soo
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.

Grant Funding

  • 320005042SB0a0 / Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry (IPET)

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 30 references
  1. Altan E, Li Y, Sabino-Santos G Jr, Sawaswong V, Barnum S, Pusterla N, Deng X, Delwart E. Viruses in horses with neurologic and respiratory diseases.. Viruses 2019;11:942.
    doi: 10.3390/v11100942pmc: PMC6832430pubmed: 31614994google scholar: lookup
  2. Li L, Giannitti F, Low J, Keyes C, Ullmann LS, Deng X, Aleman M, Pesavento PA, Pusterla N, Delwart E. Exploring the virome of diseased horses.. J. Gen. Virol. 2015;96:2721–2733.
    doi: 10.1099/vir.0.000199pmc: PMC4635498pubmed: 26044792google scholar: lookup
  3. Wong F, Spearman J, Smolenski M, Loewen P. Equine parvovirus: Initial isolation and partial characterization.. Can. J. Comp. Med. 1985;49:50–54.
    pmc: PMC1236116pubmed: 2985215
  4. Divers TJ, Tennant BC, Kumar A, McDonough S, Cullen J, Bhuva N, Jain K, Chauhan LS, Scheel TKH, Lipkin WI. New parvovirus associated with serum hepatitis in horses after inoculation of common biological product.. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2018;24:303–310.
    doi: 10.3201/eid2402.171031pmc: PMC5782890pubmed: 29350162google scholar: lookup
  5. Ramsauer AS, Badenhorst M, Cavalleri JM. Equine Parvovirus Hepatitis.. Equine Vet. J. 2021;53:886–894.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.13477pmc: PMC8457058pubmed: 34101906google scholar: lookup
  6. Tomlinson JE, Jager M, Struzyna A, Laverack M, Fortier LA, Dubovi E, Foil LD, Burbelo PD, Divers TJ, Van de Walle GR. Tropism, pathology, and transmission of equine parvovirus-hepatitis.. Emerg. Microbes Infect. 2020;9:651–663.
    doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1741326pmc: PMC7144241pubmed: 32192415google scholar: lookup
  7. Tomlinson JE, Van de Walle GR, Divers TJ. What do we know about hepatitis viruses in horses?. Vet. Clin. Equine Pract. 2019;35:351–362.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2019.03.001pubmed: 31084975google scholar: lookup
  8. Yoon J, Park T, Kim A, Park J, Park B-J, Ahn H-S, Go H-J, Kim D-H, Jung S, Seo Y. First Clinical Case of Equine Parvovirus-Hepatitis-Related Theiler’s Disease in Asia.. Viruses 2021;13:1917.
    doi: 10.3390/v13101917pmc: PMC8541225pubmed: 34696347google scholar: lookup
  9. Reinecke B, Klohn M, Bruggemann Y, Kinast V, Todt D, Stang A, Badenhorst M, Koeppel K, Guthrie A, Groner U. Clinical Course of Infection and Cross-Species Detection of Equine Parvovirus-Hepatitis.. Viruses 2021;13:1454.
    doi: 10.3390/v13081454pmc: PMC8402690pubmed: 34452320google scholar: lookup
  10. Badenhorst M, de Heus P, Auer A, Tegtmeyer B, Stang A, Dimmel K, Tichy A, Kubacki J, Bachofen C, Steinmann E. Active equine parvovirus-hepatitis infection is most frequently detected in Austrian horses of advanced age.. Equine Vet. J. 2021 in press.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.13444pmc: PMC9292856pubmed: 33704819google scholar: lookup
  11. Vengust M, Jager MC, Zalig V, Cociancich V, Laverack M, Renshaw RW, Dubovi E, Tomlinson JE, Van de Walle GR, Divers TJ. First report of equine parvovirus-hepatitis-associated Theiler’s disease in Europe.. Equine Vet. J. 2020;52:841–847.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.13254pmc: PMC7483838pubmed: 32145096google scholar: lookup
  12. Tomlinson JE, Wolfisberg R, Fahnoe U, Sharma H, Renshaw R, Nielsen L, Nishiuchi E, Holm C, Dubovi E, Rosenberg BR. Equine pegiviruses cause persistent infection of bone marrow and are not associated with hepatitis.. PLoS Pathog. 2020;16:e1008677.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008677pmc: PMC7375656pubmed: 32649726google scholar: lookup
  13. Kopper J, Schott H, Divers T, Mullaney T, Huang L, Noland E, Smedley R. Theiler’s disease associated with administration of tetanus antitoxin contaminated with nonprimate (equine) hepacivirus and equine parvovirus-hepatitis virus.. Equine Vet. Educ. 2020;32:e5–e9.
    doi: 10.1111/eve.12999google scholar: lookup
  14. Tomlinson JE, Tennant BC, Struzyna A, Mrad D, Browne N, Whelchel D, Johnson PJ, Jamieson C, Lohr CV, Bildfell R. Viral testing of 10 cases of Theiler’s disease and 37 in-contact horses in the absence of equine biologic product administration: A prospective study (2014–2018). J. Vet. Intern. Med. 2019;33:258–265.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.15362pmc: PMC6335540pubmed: 30520132google scholar: lookup
  15. Tomlinson JE, Kapoor A, Kumar A, Tennant BC, Laverack MA, Beard L, Delph K, Davis E, Schott II H, Lascola K. Viral testing of 18 consecutive cases of equine serum hepatitis: A prospective study (2014–2018). J. Vet. Intern. Med. 2019;33:251–257.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.15368pmc: PMC6335536pubmed: 30520162google scholar: lookup
  16. Xie J, Tong P, Zhang A, Song X, Zhang L, Shaya N, Kuang L. An emerging equine parvovirus circulates in thoroughbred horses in north Xinjiang, China, 2018.. Transbound Emerg. Dis. 2020;67:1052–1056.
    doi: 10.1111/tbed.13443pubmed: 31793239google scholar: lookup
  17. Stewart HL, Pitta D, Indugu N, Vecchiarelli B, Engiles JB, Southwood LL. Characterization of the fecal microbiota of healthy horses.. Am. J. Vet Res. 2018;79:811–819.
    doi: 10.2460/ajvr.79.8.811pubmed: 30058849google scholar: lookup
  18. Sterky F, Lundeberg J. Sequence analysis of genes and genomes.. J. Biotechnol. 2000;76:1–31.
    doi: 10.1016/S0168-1656(99)00176-5pubmed: 10784293google scholar: lookup
  19. Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K. MEGA X: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms.. Mol. Biol Evol. 2018;35:1547–1549.
    doi: 10.1093/molbev/msy096pmc: PMC5967553pubmed: 29722887google scholar: lookup
  20. Altan E, Hui A, Li Y, Pesavento P, Asin J, Crossley B, Deng X, Uzal FA, Delwart E. New Parvoviruses and Picornavirus in Tissues and Feces of Foals with Interstitial Pneumonia.. Viruses 2021;13:1612.
    doi: 10.3390/v13081612pmc: PMC8402702pubmed: 34452477google scholar: lookup
  21. Lecollinet S, Pronost S, Coulpier M, Beck C, Gonzalez G, Leblond A, Tritz P. Viral equine encephalitis, a growing threat to the horse population in Europe?. Viruses 2020;12:23.
    doi: 10.3390/v12010023pmc: PMC7019608pubmed: 31878129google scholar: lookup
  22. Lu G, Wu L, Ou J, Li S. Equine Parvovirus-Hepatitis in China: Characterization of Its Genetic Diversity and Evidence for Natural Recombination Events Between the Chinese and American Strains.. Front. Vet. Sci. 2020;7:121.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00121pmc: PMC7076910pubmed: 32211433google scholar: lookup
  23. Meister TL, Tegtmeyer B, Bruggemann Y, Sieme H, Feige K, Todt D, Stang A, Cavalleri J, Steinmann E. Characterization of equine parvovirus in thoroughbred breeding horses from Germany.. Viruses 2019;11:965.
    doi: 10.3390/v11100965pmc: PMC6833105pubmed: 31635426google scholar: lookup
  24. Lu G, Sun L, Ou J, Xu H, Wu L, Li S. Identification and genetic characterization of a novel parvovirus associated with serum hepatitis in horses in China.. Emerg. Microbes Infect. 2018;7:1–7.
    doi: 10.1038/s41426-018-0174-2pmc: PMC6198012pubmed: 30348940google scholar: lookup
  25. Paillot R. Special Issue “Equine Viruses”: Old “Friends” and New Foes?. Viruses 2020;12:153.
    doi: 10.3390/v12020153pmc: PMC7077308pubmed: 32013127google scholar: lookup
  26. Motlou TP, Williams J, Venter M. Epidemiology of Shuni Virus in Horses in South Africa.. Viruses 2021;13:937.
    doi: 10.3390/v13050937pmc: PMC8158722pubmed: 34069356google scholar: lookup
  27. Carpenter S, Mellor PS, Fall AG, Garros C, Venter GJ. African horse sickness virus: History, transmission, and current status.. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2017;62:343–358.
    doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-035010pubmed: 28141961google scholar: lookup
  28. Yadav MP, Singh RK, Malik YS. Emerging and Transboundary Animal Viruses.. Livestock Disease and Management Volume 1 Springer; Singapore: 2020.
  29. Cotmore SF, Agbandje-McKenna M, Canuti M, Chiorini JA, Eis-Hubinger A-M, Hughes J, Mietzsch M, Modha S, Ogliastro M, Penzes JJ. ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Parvoviridae.. J. Gen. Virol. 2019;100:367–368.
    doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001212pmc: PMC6537627pubmed: 30672729google scholar: lookup
  30. Penzes JJ, Soderlund-Venermo M, Canuti M, Eis-Hubinger AM, Hughes J, Cotmore SF, Harrach B. Reorganizing the family Parvoviridae: A revised taxonomy independent of the canonical approach based on host association.. Arch. Virol. 2020;165:2133–2146.
    doi: 10.1007/s00705-020-04632-4pubmed: 32533329google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
  1. Blomström AL, Källse A, Riihimäki M. Detection and genetic characterization of equine viruses in Sweden using viral metagenomics. BMC Vet Res 2025 Feb 27;21(1):119.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-04613-2pubmed: 40011862google scholar: lookup
  2. Jager MC, Choi E, Tomlinson JE, Van de Walle G. Naturally acquired equine parvovirus-hepatitis is associated with a wide range of hepatic lesions in horses. Vet Pathol 2024 May;61(3):442-452.
    doi: 10.1177/03009858231214024pubmed: 38018088google scholar: lookup
  3. Ou J, Li J, Wang X, Zhong L, Xu L, Xie J, Lu G, Li S. Genetic characterization of three recently discovered parvoviruses circulating in equines in China. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:1033107.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1033107pubmed: 36570511google scholar: lookup
  4. Jager MC, Tomlinson JE, Henry CE, Fahey MJ, Van de Walle GR. Prevalence and pathology of equine parvovirus-hepatitis in racehorses from New York racetracks. Virol J 2022 Nov 1;19(1):175.
    doi: 10.1186/s12985-022-01901-3pubmed: 36320007google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.