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Home / Equine Research Bank / PLoS One / Flying-fox roost disturbance and Hendra virus spillover risk...
PloS one2015; 10(5); e0125881; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125881

Flying-fox roost disturbance and Hendra virus spillover risk.

Abstract: Bats of the genus Pteropus (flying-foxes) are the natural host of Hendra virus (HeV) which periodically causes fatal disease in horses and humans in Australia. The increased urban presence of flying-foxes often provokes negative community sentiments because of reduced social amenity and concerns of HeV exposure risk, and has resulted in calls for the dispersal of urban flying-fox roosts. However, it has been hypothesised that disturbance of urban roosts may result in a stress-mediated increase in HeV infection in flying-foxes, and an increased spillover risk. We sought to examine the impact of roost modification and dispersal on HeV infection dynamics and cortisol concentration dynamics in flying-foxes. The data were analysed in generalised linear mixed models using restricted maximum likelihood (REML). The difference in mean HeV prevalence in samples collected before (4.9%), during (4.7%) and after (3.4%) roost disturbance was small and non-significant (P = 0.440). Similarly, the difference in mean urine specific gravity-corrected urinary cortisol concentrations was small and non-significant (before = 22.71 ng/mL, during = 27.17, after = 18.39) (P= 0.550). We did find an underlying association between cortisol concentration and season, and cortisol concentration and region, suggesting that other (plausibly biological or environmental) variables play a role in cortisol concentration dynamics. The effect of roost disturbance on cortisol concentration approached statistical significance for region, suggesting that the relationship is not fixed, and plausibly reflecting the nature and timing of disturbance. We also found a small positive statistical association between HeV excretion status and urinary cortisol concentration. Finally, we found that the level of flying-fox distress associated with roost disturbance reflected the nature and timing of the activity, highlighting the need for a 'best practice' approach to dispersal or roost modification activities. The findings usefully inform public discussion and policy development in relation to Hendra virus and flying-fox management.
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Publication Date: 2015-05-27 PubMed ID: 26016629PubMed Central: PMC4446312DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125881Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research explores the relationship of residential disturbances with Hendra virus infection rates and stress in flying fox bats, proposing that societal upheaval could drive virus levels in these bats, but the study found non-significant changes in virus prevalence and bat stress indicators pre, during, and post disturbance.

Research Objectives and Hypotheses

  • The study aimed to explore the impact of human disturbances on Hendra virus infection dynamics and stress levels, measured through cortisol concentration, in flying-fox bats.
  • There has been a hypothesis that the disturbance of urban roosts might increase virus infection in flying-foxes due to induced stress and thus escalate the risk of Hendra virus spillover to humans and horses.

Methods

  • The research team collected data of HeV prevalence and cortisol concentration in flying fox bats before, during, and after human disturbance.
  • The data were analyzed using generalised linear mixed models with restricted maximum likelihood (REML).

Results

  • The difference in average HeV prevalence was found to be non-significant across all three periods (before, during, and after disturbance).
  • Similarly, average cortisol concentrations, corrected for urine specific gravity, remained relatively stable and showed non-significant changes across the timings of the disturbance.
  • However, the study did uncover an association between cortisol concentration and both the season and the region, suggesting other potentially biological or environmental factors influencing cortisol levels.
  • The research also identified a slightly positive statistical association between HeV excretion status and urinary cortisol concentration.

Implications and Conclusions

  • According to the research, roost disturbance’s effect on cortisol concentration approached statistical significance for the region, which suggests that the relationship between these two variables might not be fixed but could vary depending on the nature and timing of the disturbance.
  • Another crucial finding was that the level of distress in flying-foxes, consequent to roost disturbance, mirrored the nature and timing of the activity, indicating that a best practice approach to roost modification or dispersal activities should be adopted to potentially minimize any distress caused to the bats.
  • The study underlines the need for public discourse and policy development regarding Hendra virus and the management of flying-fox populations.

Cite This Article

APA
Edson D, Field H, McMichael L, Jordan D, Kung N, Mayer D, Smith C. (2015). Flying-fox roost disturbance and Hendra virus spillover risk. PLoS One, 10(5), e0125881. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125881

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 5
Pages: e0125881

Researcher Affiliations

Edson, Daniel
  • Queensland Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Field, Hume
  • Queensland Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, United States of America.
McMichael, Lee
  • Queensland Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia.
Jordan, David
  • Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar, New South Wales, Australia.
Kung, Nina
  • Queensland Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Mayer, David
  • Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Smith, Craig
  • Queensland Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Australia
  • Chiroptera / urine
  • Chiroptera / virology
  • Hendra Virus / isolation & purification
  • Henipavirus Infections / epidemiology
  • Hydrocortisone / urine
  • Seasons

Conflict of Interest Statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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