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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2021; 11(7); 2086; doi: 10.3390/ani11072086

Intradermal Testing Results in Horses Affected by Mild-Moderate and Severe Equine Asthma.

Abstract: Equine asthma is an inflammatory respiratory disorder, classified as mild-moderate (MEA) and severe (SEA). SEA is characterized by recurrent exacerbations, consisting of dyspnea, coughing and exercise intolerance; MEA causes poor performance, occasional cough and mucus hypersecretion. Although a precise pathogenesis is not completely understood, allergic mechanisms are considered an important pathophysiological feature of equine asthma. In equine medicine, intradermal testing (IDT) is effective in identifying hypersensitivity to specific allergens. However, to date, the studies about IDT in asthmatic horses obtained contradictory results. This study aims to evaluate IDT responses in MEA and SEA horses and to identify the most significant allergens. Thirty-eight asthmatic horses were enrolled and underwent IDT using 50 allergens; reactions were evaluated at 30 min, 4, 24 and 48 h and were assigned a score from 0 to 4. In SEA horses, the most frequent and strongest reactions were observed at 30 min and 4 h, suggesting the involvement of type I hypersensitivity; in MEA horses, also type IV hypersensitivity seemed to play a major role. Insects, and dog epithelium induced in MEA and SEA horses the most significant hypersensitivity responses and could therefore be considered as the main allergenic antigens in our geographic area.
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Publication Date: 2021-07-13 PubMed ID: 34359214PubMed Central: PMC8300230DOI: 10.3390/ani11072086Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates the allergic responses of horses suffering from mild-moderate and severe types of equine asthma by using intradermal testing. It also seeks to highlight the most significant allergens for these horses.

Study Overview

The researchers of this study were looking into equine asthma, a prevalent respiratory disorder among horses characterized by inflammation. This condition exists in two categories: mild-moderate equine asthma (MEA) and severe equine asthma (SEA). Both types share similarities to human asthma, having allergic mechanisms as a considerable component of their pathophysiology. Hence, identifying and understanding the allergens that trigger these asthmatic conditions is essential. Therefore, the study primarily aimed to evaluate intradermal testing (IDT) responses in MEA and SEA horses and consequently identify the most significant allergens.

  • SEA manifests through recurrent signs of dyspnea (shortness of breath), persistent coughing and intolerance to exercise.
  • MEA results in suboptimal performance in the affected horse, sporadic coughing and high mucus production.
  • The pathogenesis for both asthma types is not entirely comprehended yet, although they show strong indications of origin from allergic reactions.

Methodological Approach

Intradermal testing (IDT), a common practice in equine medicine, was employed in this investigative study. It involves the injection of allergen extracts into the dermis layer of the horse’s skin to trigger an allergic response. IDT has proven reliable in identifying the hypersensitivity of specific allergens in horses.

  • For this study, 38 horses diagnosed with equine asthma were chosen.
  • The horses underwent the IDT, which used a variety of 50 allergens.
  • The reactions to these allergens were quantified at different intervals: 30 minutes, 4 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours.
  • The reactions were scored on a scale from 0 to 4, with higher values indicating stronger reactions.

Study Findings

The study revealed a difference in type-I hypersensitivity response timing between SEA and MEA horses. The strongest allergic reactions in SEA horses appeared within 30 minutes to 4 hours of exposure, suggesting a primary involvement of type-I hypersensitivity. In MEA horses, findings hinted at the role of type IV hypersensitivity.

  • Insects and dog epithelium turned out to be the most significant allergens, inducing the most pronounced hypersensitivity responses in both SEA and MEA horses.
  • The mentioned allergens are now considered the major allergenic antigens within the geographic area of the study, as they induced significant hypersensitivity responses.

Cite This Article

APA
(2021). Intradermal Testing Results in Horses Affected by Mild-Moderate and Severe Equine Asthma. Animals (Basel), 11(7), 2086. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11072086

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 7
PII: 2086

Researcher Affiliations

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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