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PloS one2018; 13(1); e0190309; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190309

Maternal obesity increases insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation and osteochondrosis lesions in foals and yearlings until 18 months of age.

Abstract: Obesity is a growing concern in horses. The effects of maternal obesity on maternal metabolism and low-grade inflammation during pregnancy, as well as offspring growth, metabolism, low-grade inflammation, testicular maturation and osteochondrotic lesions until 18 months of age were investigated. Twenty-four mares were used and separated into two groups at insemination according to body condition score (BCS): Normal (N, n = 10, BCS ≤4) and Obese (O, n = 14, BCS ≥4.25). BCS and plasma glucose, insulin, triglyceride, urea, non-esterified fatty acid, serum amyloid A (SAA), leptin and adiponectin concentrations were monitored throughout gestation. At 300 days of gestation, a Frequently Sampled Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (FSIGT) was performed. After parturition, foals' weight and size were monitored until 18 months of age with plasma SAA, leptin, adiponectin, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and cortisol concentrations measured at regular intervals. At 6, 12 and 18 months of age, FSIGT and osteoarticular examinations were performed. Males were gelded at one year and expression of genes involved in testicular maturation analysed by RT-qPCR. Throughout the experiment, maternal BCS was higher in O versus N mares. During gestation, plasma urea and adiponectin were decreased and SAA and leptin increased in O versus N mares. O mares were also more insulin resistant than N mares with a higher glucose effectiveness. Postnatally, there was no difference in offspring growth between groups. Nevertheless, plasma SAA concentrations were increased in O versus N foals until 6 months, with O foals being consistently more insulin resistant with a higher glucose effectiveness. At 12 months of age, O foals were significantly more affected by osteochondrosis than N foals. All other parameters were not different between groups. In conclusion, maternal obesity altered metabolism and increased low-grade inflammation in both dams and foals. The risk of developing osteochondrosis at 12 months of age was also higher in foals born to obese dams.
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Publication Date: 2018-01-26 PubMed ID: 29373573PubMed Central: PMC5786290DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190309Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research explores how maternal obesity in horses impacts the mother’s metabolism, inflammation, and the offspring’s growth, metabolism, inflammation, osteochondrotic lesions, and testicular maturation up to 18 months of age. It was shown that obesity in mother horses lead to increased insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation in their offspring and a higher risk of osteochondrosis.

Research Participants

  • The study involved two groups of mares separated by their Body Condition Score (BCS) at the time of insemination. One group, referred to as Normal (N), included 10 mares with BCS less or equal to 4. The second group, Obese (O), consisted of 14 mares with BCS equal or greater than 4.25.
  • These BCS and other health and metabolic indicators were monitored throughout gestation and later compared to evaluate the impact of maternal obesity.

Methods and Monitoring

  • Researchers checked BCS and various serum and plasma concentrations throughout the pregnancy of mares, including glucose, insulin, triglyceride, urea, non-esterified fatty acid, serum amyloid A (SAA), leptin, and adiponectin.
  • The Frequently Sampled Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (FSIGT) was administered at 300 days of gestation.
  • Postpartum, researchers observed and measured offspring’s weight and size until they turned 18 months old, measuring different plasma light indicators at regular intervals.
  • FSIGT and osteoarticular examinations were performed when the offspring became 6, 12, and 18 months old.
  • Male foals were castrated at one year and genes associated with testicular maturation were analyzed.

Results

  • The mares in the Obese group remained more obese throughout the study than those in the Normal group. During pregnancy, the Obese mares had lower levels of plasma urea and adiponectin, but higher levels of SAA and leptin. They were also more resistant to insulin, showing higher glucose effectiveness.
  • Postpartum, offspring from Obese mares displayed higher plasma SAA concentrations until they were 6 months old, suggesting protracted inflammation and higher glucose effectiveness, indicating increased insulin resistance.
  • By the time they were 12 months old, these offspring were significantly more affected by osteochondrosis than their counterparts from the Normal group.

Conclusion

This study’s results show that maternal obesity in horses leads to metabolic alterations and increased low-grade inflammation in both mothers and offspring. Furthermore, offspring born to obese mares have a higher risk of developing osteochondrosis by the time they are 12 months old.

Cite This Article

APA
Robles M, Nouveau E, Gautier C, Mendoza L, Dubois C, Dahirel M, Lagofun B, Aubrière MC, Lejeune JP, Caudron I, Guenon I, Viguié C, Wimel L, Bouraima-Lelong H, Serteyn D, Couturier-Tarrade A, Chavatte-Palmer P. (2018). Maternal obesity increases insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation and osteochondrosis lesions in foals and yearlings until 18 months of age. PLoS One, 13(1), e0190309. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190309

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Pages: e0190309
PII: e0190309

Researcher Affiliations

Robles, M
  • UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France.
Nouveau, E
  • UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France.
Gautier, C
  • Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA2608, OeReCa, USC-INRA, Caen, France.
Mendoza, L
  • Clinique Equine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Dubois, C
  • IFCE, Station Expérimentale de la Valade, Chamberet, France.
Dahirel, M
  • UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France.
Lagofun, B
  • UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France.
Aubrière, M-C
  • UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France.
Lejeune, J-P
  • Clinique Equine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Caudron, I
  • Clinique Equine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Guenon, I
  • Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA2608, OeReCa, USC-INRA, Caen, France.
Viguié, C
  • INRA, UMR Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Toulouse, France.
Wimel, L
  • IFCE, Station Expérimentale de la Valade, Chamberet, France.
Bouraima-Lelong, H
  • Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA2608, OeReCa, USC-INRA, Caen, France.
Serteyn, D
  • Clinique Equine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Couturier-Tarrade, A
  • UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France.
Chavatte-Palmer, P
  • UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France.

MeSH Terms

  • Adiponectin / blood
  • Animals
  • Animals, Newborn
  • Blood Glucose / metabolism
  • Female
  • Glucose Tolerance Test
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Horse Diseases / physiopathology
  • Horses
  • Inflammation / etiology
  • Inflammation / veterinary
  • Insulin / blood
  • Insulin Resistance / physiology
  • Leptin / blood
  • Male
  • Maternal-Fetal Exchange
  • Obesity / complications
  • Obesity / physiopathology
  • Obesity / veterinary
  • Osteochondrosis / etiology
  • Osteochondrosis / veterinary
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Complications / pathology
  • Pregnancy Complications / physiopathology
  • Pregnancy Complications / veterinary

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Citations

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