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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2021; 11(2); 477; doi: 10.3390/ani11020477

Modulation of Serum Protein Electrophoretic Pattern and Leukocyte Population in Horses Vaccinated against West Nile Virus.

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the hematological and serum protein electrophoretic profiles of horses after inactivated West Nile virus (WNV) vaccine administration. Blood samples were collected from 10 horses before (T0), after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 1 week, 2 weeks and 3 weeks (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6) from the first WNV vaccine-dose administration, before the vaccine-booster (TPRE), and after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 1 week, 2 weeks and 3 weeks (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) from the WNV vaccine-booster. There was a significant increase in lymphocytes and a decrease in neutrophils after both the first vaccine-dose and vaccine-booster administration compared to the baseline values ( < 0.01). Monocytes showed higher values after 72 h, 1 week and 2 weeks from the vaccine-booster ( < 0.01). Higher serum total protein values were found in horses after both the first vaccine-dose and booster administration ( < 0.05). α1-lobulins increased after the vaccine-booster with the highest levels measured at T4 ( < 0.05); α-2- and β-globulin fractions increased throughout the post-vaccine period compared to the baseline values ( < 0.05); and higher γ-globulin values were found before the vaccine-booster (TPRE) and after 24 h, 72 h and 3 weeks from the vaccine-booster (T1, T3 and T6). The findings allow us to conclude that the WNV vaccine used in the current study does not alter the overall hemogram picture of horses although it is associated with modulation of leukocyte populations and the serum protein electrophoretic pattern.
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Publication Date: 2021-02-11 PubMed ID: 33670395PubMed Central: PMC7918827DOI: 10.3390/ani11020477Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates the effects of a West Nile Virus (WNV) vaccine on horses, specifically observing the hematological and serum protein electrophoretic profiles. The researchers found that the vaccine did not overall alter the horses’ blood profiles, but there were specific changes to white blood cell populations and protein levels after both the initial vaccination and booster shot.

Study Overview

  • The study included 10 horses and observed the changes in their blood profiles over different periods after they received an inactivated WNV vaccine and a booster shot. The duration for observation included 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks after both the initial and booster vaccinations.

Impact on Leukocyte Population

  • There was a significant increase in lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that helps fight off infections, after both the initial vaccine dose and booster shot in comparison to the baseline values.
  • Neutrophils, another type of white blood cell usually an immediate responder to inflammation, decreased after both vaccine doses.
  • Monocytes, the largest type of white blood cells and which typically become macrophages and facilitate immune response against viruses and bacteria, showed higher values specifically after 72 hours, 1 week and 2 weeks from the time the booster was given.

Impact on Serum Protein Electrophoretic Profile

  • There were higher total protein values found in the horses’ blood after both the initial vaccine dose and booster administration.
  • Specific proteins such as α1-lobulins increased after the vaccine booster, with the highest levels measured one week after administration.
  • Similarly, alpha-2- and beta-globulin fractions also increased throughout the post-vaccine period compared to the baseline values. These globulins are associated with transporting lipids and fat-soluble vitamins in the blood.
  • Gamma globulin values, proteins that function as antibodies, were higher before the booster dose and again at specific intervals after the booster (24 hours, 72 hours and 3 weeks).

Conclusion

  • Ultimately, the study concluded that while the WNV vaccine used did not broadly alter the overall hemogram (complete blood count) of the horses, it did have specific impacts on the leukocyte populations and the serum protein electrophoretic pattern. This suggests some immune system modulation occurred following both the initial WNV vaccination and the subsequent booster shot.

Cite This Article

APA
Arfuso F, Giudice E, Di Pietro S, Piccione G, Giannetto C. (2021). Modulation of Serum Protein Electrophoretic Pattern and Leukocyte Population in Horses Vaccinated against West Nile Virus. Animals (Basel), 11(2), 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020477

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
PII: 477

Researcher Affiliations

Arfuso, Francesca
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
Giudice, Elisabetta
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
Di Pietro, Simona
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
Piccione, Giuseppe
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
Giannetto, Claudia
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 5 times.
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