Multi-body modelling and simulation of animal locomotion.

This research article explores the use of multi-body models to understand and simulate animal locomotion, with a primary focus on horses. These models help explain the internal mechanisms at work during movement, which can aid in injury prevention and optimizing sports performances.

Objective of the Research

• The primary goal of the research is to demonstrate the function and benefits of multi-body models of musculoskeletal systems in understanding animal locomotion. In this context, animal locomotion pertains to the movement of horses.

Methodology

• Through the creation and deployment of multi-body models of the musculoskeletal systems, the mechanism of action of internal forces, in response to external forces and movements, was studied (‘inverse dynamics’).
• These models were also used to simulate movements in horses using muscle forces or activations as the point of focus (‘direct dynamics’).
• Two key examples were presented; a model of the horse’s hindlimb to explain the function of the ‘passive stay apparatus’, and a forelimb model to determine force distribution within the digital flexor tendons.
• Within the forelimb model, various methods were experimented with to test how they could alter the force distribution.

Findings

• The researchers found that these types of simulations are valuable tools in the basic research on functional anatomy and the origin (aetiology) of injuries in animals. By understanding how the forces are distributed and how the muscles act during movement, it could assist in the development of injury prevention methods.

Future Applications

• A key future application of this research is the optimization of sports performances. By understanding animal locomotion on a granular level, it could provide insights into how to optimize performance, especially in equine sports where the efficiency, speed, and strength of horses are vital to performance.