Mutagenic potentials of fumonisin contaminated corn following ammonia decontamination procedure.
Abstract: Naturally contaminated corn implicated in an outbreak of equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) in southeastern Arizona was analyzed for mutagenic potential using the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay before and after treatment with the ammonia procedure. Crude acetonitrile: water (1 + 1) extracts of high-pressure/ambient temperature (HP/AT) ammonia decontaminated, HP/AT plus low pressure/high temperature (LP/HT), and non-ammoniated fumonisin contaminated corn were tested for mutagenic potentials. Relatively pure (approx. 90%) fumonisin B1 standard was also tested for comparison purposes. The results of this experiment indicate that there was no mutagenic potential for the fumonisin B1 standard at the concentrations tested (100 micrograms/plate). Also, neither the naturally-contaminated corn nor the ammonia decontaminated samples elicited a positive mutagenic response. Fumonisin B1 levels, as determined by HPLC methods, were reduced by an average of 79% via the ammonia decontamination process. It is encouraging to note that, while further work is necessary to increase the efficacy of the ammonia process to reduce fumonisin levels, the ammonia process did reduce fumonisin levels and no mutagenic potentials were apparent in the treated corn.
Publication Date: 1992-02-11 PubMed ID: 1513365DOI: 10.1007/BF00497285Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research study explores whether a specific decontamination procedure with ammonia on corn contaminated with the fungal toxin fumonisin exhibits mutagenic potentials – the capacity to cause genetic changes.
Research Methodology
- The study utilized naturally contaminated corn associated with equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM), a disease in horses, from southeastern Arizona.
- The team used the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay, a well-established method for screening potentially mutagenic compounds.
- The corn was tested before and after an ammonia treatment referred to as the high pressure/ambient temperature (HP/AT) ammonia decontamination.
- To ascertain the effectiveness of the procedure, variations of the treatment involving HP/AT plus low pressure/high temperature (LP/HT) and non-ammoniated corn were also examined.
- A relatively pure (around 90%) fumonisin B1 standard was tested alongside for comparative purposes.
Key Findings
- The findings indicate that the fumonisin B1 standard, a mycotoxin, did not display mutagenic potential at the concentrations used in the experiment (100 micrograms/plate).
- Furthermore, no mutagenic response was observed in both the naturally-contaminated corn and the samples that underwent ammonia decontamination.
- The levels of fumonisin B1 were found to be reduced by an average of 79% due to the ammonia decontamination process as per measurements done using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods.
Conclusion
- Overall, while the results deemed the current ammonia process as effective in reducing fumonisin levels, the authors suggest a need for more research to enhance the efficacy of the process.
- The absence of detected mutagenic potentials in the ammonia-treated corn provides positive indications for the safety of this decontamination method.
Cite This Article
APA
Park DL, Rua SM, Mirocha CJ, Abd-Alla ES, Weng CY.
(1992).
Mutagenic potentials of fumonisin contaminated corn following ammonia decontamination procedure.
Mycopathologia, 117(1-2), 105-108.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00497285 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721.
MeSH Terms
- Ammonia / pharmacology
- Animals
- Carcinogens, Environmental / analysis
- Carcinogens, Environmental / toxicity
- Food Microbiology
- Fumonisins
- Fusarium / metabolism
- Mutagenicity Tests
- Mycotoxins / analysis
- Mycotoxins / antagonists & inhibitors
- Mycotoxins / toxicity
- Temperature
- Zea mays
References
This article includes 5 references
- Wilson BJ, Maronpot RR. Causative fungus agent of leucoencephalomalacia in equine animals.. Vet Rec 1971 May 8;88(19):484-6.
- Ross PF, Rice LG, Plattner RD, Osweiler GD, Wilson TM, Owens DL, Nelson HA, Richard JL. Concentrations of fumonisin B1 in feeds associated with animal health problems.. Mycopathologia 1991 Jun;114(3):129-35.
- Brownie CF, Cullen J. Characterization of experimentally induced equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) in ponies (Equus caballus): preliminary report.. Vet Hum Toxicol 1987 Feb;29(1):34-8.
- Maron DM, Ames BN. Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test.. Mutat Res 1983 May;113(3-4):173-215.
- Harrison LR, Colvin BM, Greene JT, Newman LE, Cole JR Jr. Pulmonary edema and hydrothorax in swine produced by fumonisin B1, a toxic metabolite of Fusarium moniliforme.. J Vet Diagn Invest 1990 Jul;2(3):217-21.
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Alonso-Jauregui M, González-Peñas E, López de Cerain A, Vettorazzi A. Genotoxicity of 12 Mycotoxins by the SOS/umu Test: Comparison of Liver and Kidney S9 Fraction. Toxins (Basel) 2022 Jun 10;14(6).
- Alonso-Jauregui M, Font M, González-Peñas E, López de Cerain A, Vettorazzi A. Prioritization of Mycotoxins Based on Their Genotoxic Potential with an In Silico-In Vitro Strategy. Toxins (Basel) 2021 Oct 19;13(10).
- N D, Achar PN, Sreenivasa MY. Current Perspectives of Biocontrol Agents for Management of Fusarium verticillioides and Its Fumonisin in Cereals-A Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2021 Sep 18;7(9).
- Karlovsky P, Suman M, Berthiller F, De Meester J, Eisenbrand G, Perrin I, Oswald IP, Speijers G, Chiodini A, Recker T, Dussort P. Impact of food processing and detoxification treatments on mycotoxin contamination. Mycotoxin Res 2016 Nov;32(4):179-205.
- Karuna R, Rao BS. Lack of micronuclei induction by fumonisin B(1) mycotoxin in BALB/c mice. Mycotoxin Res 2013 Feb;29(1):9-15.
- Karuna R, Sashidhar RB. The mycotoxin fumonisin B1 inhibits eukaryotic protein synthesis: in vitro and in vivo studies. Mycopathologia 2008 Jan;165(1):37-49.
- Dupuy J, Le Bars P, Boudra H, Le Bars J. Thermostability of Fumonisin B(1), a Mycotoxin from Fusarium moniliforme, in Corn. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993 Sep;59(9):2864-7.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
