Neonatal foal diarrhea.
Abstract: Diarrhea is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal foal. Numerous noninfectious and infectious agents are responsible for enterocolitis and enteritis. This article provides an overview of the differential diagnoses for neonatal diarrhea and general and specific guidelines for therapy.
Publication Date: 2005-07-30 PubMed ID: 16051051PubMed Central: PMC7135406DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2005.04.009Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Review
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This research article presents an examination of diarrhea in newborn horses (foals), identifying it as a major health concern. The authors explore both infectious and noninfectious causes and offer guidelines for treatment.
Overview of the Research
- This research article aims to address the issue of neonatal diarrhea in foals. The authors recognize diarrhea as a leading cause of illness and death in newborn horses, making it a significant concern in veterinary medicine.
- The paper delves into various causes of diarrhea in foals, separating them into two broad categories: infectious agents and noninfectious agents. These factors can lead to conditions like enterocolitis and enteritis, both gastrointestinal diseases that cause inflammation and can result in diarrhea.
Differential Diagnosis
- The article puts a significant emphasis on differential diagnosis for neonatal diarrhea. This involves identifying various potential diseases or conditions that might be causing the observed symptoms.
- Through differential diagnosis, the researchers aim to eliminate unlikely causes and narrow down the possibilities, thereby guiding the most appropriate treatment paths.
Therapy Guidelines
- The authors present both general and specific guidelines for the treatment of neonatal foal diarrhea. The objective is to offer the reader, presumably a veterinarian or an involved horse owner, the knowledge necessary to manage such cases efficiently.
- While general guidelines provide broad measures applicable in most cases, specific guidelines provide targeted therapies for particular situations or diseases.
Significance of the Research
- This research contributes to our understanding of neonatal foal diarrhea, from its causes to its treatment. It is an important resource for veterinarians and horse owners seeking to identify and treat this common but potentially severe condition in newborn horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Magdesian KG.
(2005).
Neonatal foal diarrhea.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract, 21(2), 295-vi.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2005.04.009 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA. kmagdesian@ucdavis.edu
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Diarrhea / microbiology
- Diarrhea / mortality
- Diarrhea / therapy
- Diarrhea / veterinary
- Fluid Therapy / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / microbiology
- Horse Diseases / mortality
- Horse Diseases / therapy
- Horses
- Treatment Outcome
References
This article includes 46 references
- Cohen ND. Causes of and farm management factors associated with disease and death in foals.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1994;204:1644–1651.
- Johnston RH, Kamstra LD, Kohler PH. Mares' milk composition as related to “foal heat” scours.. J Anim Sci 1970;31:549–553.
- Masri MD, Merritt AM, Gronwall R. Faecal composition in foal heat diarrhea.. Equine Vet J 1986;18:301–306.
- Noerr B. Part 1. current controversies in the understanding of necrotizing enterocolitis.. Adv Neonatal Care 2003;3:107–120.
- Cudd T, Pauly TH. Necrotizing enterocolitis in two equine neonates.. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 1987;9:88–96.
- Paradis MR. Nutritional support: enteral and parenteral.. Clin Tech Eq Pract 2003;2:87–96.
- Furr MO, Murray MJ, Ferguson DC. The effects of stress on gastric ulceration, T3, T4, reverse T3 and cortisol in neonatal foals.. Equine Vet J 1992:37–40.
- Ramey DW, Reinertson EL. Sand-induced diarrhea in a foal.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1984;185:537–538.
- Korolainen R, Kaikkonen R, Ruohoniemi M. Ultrasonography in monitoring the resolution of intestinal sand accumulations in the horse.. Equine Veterinary Education 2003;5:423–432.
- Lester GD. Foal diarrhea.. Current therapy in equine medicine 2003. 5th edition. WB Saunders; Philadelphia: pp. 677–680.
- Weese JS, Parsons DA, Staempfli HR. Association of Clostridium difficile with enterocolitis and lactose intolerance in a foal.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:229–232.
- Baverud V, Gustafsson A, Franklin A. Clostridium difficile: prevalence in horses and environment, and antimicrobial susceptibility.. Equine Vet J 2003;35:465–471.
- East LM, Savage CJ, Traub-Dargatz JL. Enterocolitis associated with Clostridium perfringens infection in neonatal foals: 54 cases (1988–1997). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212:1751–1756.
- East LM, Dargatz DA, Traub-Dargatz JL. Foaling-management practices associated with the occurrence of enterocolitis attributed to Clostridium perfringens infection in the equine neonate.. Prev Vet Med 2000;46:61–74.
- Baverud V, Franklin A, Gunnarsson A. Clostridium difficile associated with acute colitis in mares when their foals are treated with erythromycin and rifampicin for Rhodococcus equi pneumonia.. Equine Vet J 1998;30:482–488.
- Arroyo LG, Weese JS, Staempfli HR. Experimental Clostridium difficile enterocolitis in foals.. J Vet Int Med 2004;18:734–738.
- Jones RL, Shideler RK, Cockerell GL. Association of Clostridium difficile with foal diarrhea.. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference of Equine Infectious Diseases 1988;236–40.
- Jones RL, Adney WS, Shideler RK. Isolation of Clostridium difficile and detection of cytotoxin in the feces of diarrheic foals in the absence of antimicrobial treatment.. J Clin Microbiol 1987;25:1225–1227.
- Jang SS, Hansen LM, Breher JE. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of equine isolates of Clostridium difficile and molecular characterization of metronidazole-resistant strains.. Clin Infect Dis 1997;25(Suppl 2):S266–S267.
- Magdesian KG, Hirsh DC, Jang SS. Characterization of Clostridium difficile isolates from foals with diarrhea: 28 cases (1993–1997). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;220:67–73.
- Weese JS, Cote NM, deGannes RVG. Evaluation of in vitro properties of di-tri-octahedral smectite on clostridial toxins and growth.. Equine Vet J 2003;35:638–641.
- Walker RL, Madigan JE, Hird DW. An outbreak of equine neonatal salmonellosis.. J Vet Diagn Invest 1991;3:223–227.
- Holland RE, Sriranganathan N, DuPont L. Isolation of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli from a foal with diarrhea.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1989;194:389–391.
- Browning GF, Chalmers RM, Snodgrass DR. The prevalence of enteric pathogens in diarrhoeic Thoroughbred foals in Britain and Ireland.. Equine Vet J 1991;23:405–409.
- Tzipori S, Hayes J, Sims L. Streptococcus durans: an unexpected enteropathogen of foals.. J Infect Dis 1984;150:589–593.
- Myers LL, Shoop DS, Byars TD. Diarrhea associated with enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis in foals.. Am J Vet Res 1987;48:1565–1567.
- Hibbs CM, Johnson DR, Reynolds K. Clostridium sordelli isolated from foals.. Equine Practice 1977;72:256–258.
- Stewart AJ, Hinchcliff KW, Saville WJA. Actinobacillus sp. Bacteremia in foals: clinical signs and prognosis.. J Vet Int Med 2002;16:464–471.
- Barrandeguy M, Parreno V, Lagos Marmol M. Prevention of rotavirus diarrhoea in foals by parenteral vaccination of the mares: field trail.. Dev Biol Stand 1998;92:253–257.
- Powell DG, Dwyer RM, Traub-Dargatz JL. Field study of the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of an inactivated equine rotavirus vaccine.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:193–198.
- Conner ME, Darlington RW. Rotavirus infection in foals.. Am J Vet Res 1980;41:1699–1703.
- Watanabe T, Ohta C, Shirahata T. Preventive administration of bovine colostral immunoglobulins for foal diarrhea with rotavirus.. J Vet Med Sci 1993;55:1039–1040.
- Davis E, Rush BR, Cox J. Neonatal enterocolitis associated with coronavirus infection in a foal: a case report.. J Vet Diagn Invest 2000;12:153–156.
- Guy JS, Breslin JJ, Breuhaus B. Characterization of a coronavirus isolated from a diarrheic foal.. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38:4523–4526.
- Corrier DE, Montgomery D, Scutchfield WL. Adenovirus in the intestinal epithelium of a foal with prolonged diarrhea.. Vet Pathol 1982;19:564–567.
- McChesney AE, England JJ, Rich LJ. Adenoviral infection in foals.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1973;162:545–549.
- Netherwood T, Wood JLN, Townsend HGG. Foal diarrhoea between 1991 and 1994 in the United Kingdom associated with Clostridium perfringens, rotavirus, Strongyloides westeri, and Cryptosporidium sp.. Epidemiol Infect 1996;117:375–383.
- Ludwig KG, Craig TM, Bowen JM. Efficacy of ivermectin in controlling Strongyloides westeri infections in foals.. Am J Vet Res 1983;44:314–6.
- Cole DJ, Cohen ND, Snowden K. Prevalence of and risk factors for fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in horses.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:1296–1302.
- Grinberg A, Oliver L, Learmonth JJ. Identification of Cryptosporidium parvum ‘cattle’ genotype from a severe outbreak of neonatal foal diarrhoea.. Vet Rec 2003;153:628–631.
- Lakritz J, Madigan J, Carlson GP. Hypovolemic hyponatremia and signs of neurologic disease associated with diarrhea in a foal.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992;200:1114–1116.
- Tillotson K, Traub-Dargatz JL. Gastrointestinal protectants and cathartics.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2003:599–615.
- Sanchez LC, Murray MJ, Merritt AM. Effect of omeprazole paste on intragastric pH in clinically normal neonatal foals.. Am J Vet Res 2004;65:1039–1041.
- Durando MM, MacKay RJ, Linda S. Effects of polymyxin B and Salmonella typhimurium antiserum on horses given endotoxin intravenously.. Am J Vet Res 1994;55:921–927.
- Magdesian KG. Nutrition for critical gastrointestinal illness: feeding horse with diarrhea or colic.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2003;19:617–645.
- Dunkel BM, Wilkins PA. Nutrition and the critically ill horse.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2004;20:107–127.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists